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摘要：高速铁路气象监测系统对铁路安全运行有着十分重要的意义。目前气象监测在我国气象站、公路等方面得到了广泛应用，但是在高速铁路方面还刚刚起步。现阶段我国加快高速铁路发展的步伐，而与普通列车相比，高速列车纠正和避免事故的时间更短。为了保证铁路行车安全，设计出可靠实时的气象监测系统非常必要。高速铁路气象监测系统为铁路调度部门提供实时准确的气象信息，提高调度部门管理水平，有效降低事故发生率。
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本论文针对高速铁路的具体要求，设计了一种可靠性好、实时性强的气象监测系统，监测的对象包括高速铁路关键路段的风速风向、雨量等要素。本文究了以下几个问题：系统总体设计、相关器件的选型、软硬件设计及上位机设计，主要工作放在硬件和软件的设计上。首先针对系统的技术特点，采用硬件资源丰富、AT89C51微处理器为核心芯片，辅以其他芯片和外围电路，完成了监测系统的硬件设计。系统实现了电源模块的设计，提供主电源和备用电源两种方式，同时具体完成了以太网模块、存储电路、总线接口模块等的设计。通过对各类气象传感器的性能比较，选择了符合系统技术指标且稳定可靠的气象传感器，设计出了防雷抗干扰接口电路的原理图。
接着完成了监测系统的软件设计。针对高速铁路气象监测系统的特点，本文采用应答查询的数据传输方式和分时多路的总体思路，设计了各个软件功能模块，包括数据采集、数据分析、数据存储等模块，实现了数据的采集、报警处理和存储功能。
最后针对网络传输部分，通过比较几种流行的协议栈，选用简单的ulp协议栈并进行了一定简化。同时本文针对数据特点编制了实时通信协议，设计了气象监测系统的应用层中心站。中心站监控软件采用proteus7.8实现，包括主程序、监控中心命令处理程序、数据接收接口模块三部分，使得系统能够将采集的雨量、风速风向、温度、气压等数据通过以太网通信方式传送到中心站，同时又可以发送相关指令主动查询数据。6034
关键词： 高速铁路；气象监测；以太网
The method design along the railway wind speed and rainfall collection method
Abstract：Meteorological monitoring system on high．speed railway has a great significance on railway safe operation．Nowadays，meteorological monitoring system has been widely applied on weather station，road in our country,but it has just started on high speed railway．At the present stage，our country has speeded up the pace of high．speed railway．Compared with common trains，high．speed trains have shorter time to correct and avoid the accident．In order to make sure the security of railway safe opermion．it's necessary to design reliable and imely meteorological monitoring system．Meteorological monitoring system on highspeed railway provides the timely and accurate meteorological information for railway scheduling department and promotes its management standard．
According to the specific requirements of high speed railway, this paper designed a kind of good reliability, strong real-time meteorological monitoring system, the monitoring objects include high speed railway key elements wind speed and direction, rainfall, etc. This paper investigate the following questions: the system overall design, selection of related devices, software and hardware design and the upper machine design, main work on hardware and software design. First in accordance with the technical features of the system, using the rich hardware resources and AT89C51 microprocessor as the core chip, supplemented by other chips and peripheral circuit, and completed the hardware design of monitoring system. System realizes the power supply module design, provide the main power supply and standby power supply in two ways, at the same time completed the Ethernet module, storage circuit, bus interface module design. Through the performance comparison of all kinds of meteorological sensors, the choice accords with index system technology and stable and reliable meteorological sensors, designed the lightning protection anti-jamming interface circuit principle diagram.
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