摘 要 猎巫运动是一场发生在十五到十八世纪欧洲大陆上的宗教迫害运动。在猎巫运动期间,有许多无辜的普通民众被当作巫师所处决。这样一场旷日持久的猎巫,发生在刚走出中世纪的欧洲大陆是一件令人费解的事情。这看似不合理的猎巫运动,却在当时受到教会人士与普通民众的广泛支持,是受到了诸多因素影响的。这其中不只受当时社会自然、人文与思想方面的影响,更有宗教方面的原因。基督教作为中世纪欧洲绝大多数国家的国教,在宗教方面占据着主导地位,这对于从宗教层面发起普及到西欧的猎巫运动的产生起着重要的推动作用。从宗教角度来看,中世纪中后期魔鬼信仰理论的完善、巫术概念的转变和基督教异端扫除思想都是猎巫运动兴起的重要原因。而对于这些猎巫兴起的宗教方面的原因深入探究,是对后续深入了解猎巫运动的起源及发展的基础。90141
Abstract The Witch-hunt during the fifteenth to eighteenth Century was a religious persecutions occurred on the European continent。 During the Witch-hunt, many innocent ordinary people were being executed as witches。 Such a protracted witch hunting, had hanppened in Europe, where was just out of the Middle Ages was a puzzling thing。 Such a merciless witch-hunting seems irrational, but at that time was widely supported by the clergy and ordinary people。 And it was affected by many factors, that were not only affected by the natural, cultural and ideological aspects of the society at that time, but also the religious。 In the Middle Ages, Christianity was the state religion of most European countries,which occupied a dominant position in religion。 This promoted the creation of Western Europe's Witch-hunt in religious terms。 From the religious angle, the completed of the devil's belief theory, the transformation of Witchcraft concepts and the Christian heresy sweeping were the important reasons for the rise of the Witch-hunt。 And probing into the reasons of witch-hunt from the religious angle, is the basis for the further study of the Witch-hunt’s origin and development。源Q于W优E尔A论S文R网wwW.yOueRw.com 原文+QQ75201,8766
毕业论文关键词:欧洲; 猎巫运动; 巫术; 基督教
Keyword: Europe; Witch-hunt; Witchcraft; Christianity
目 录
引言 5
一、魔鬼信仰理论完善 6
(一)早期魔鬼形象独立 6
(二)中世纪魔鬼信仰理论完善 6
(三)魔鬼信仰与猎巫运动 7
二、巫师、巫术与巫魔会 8
(一)传统巫术观点 8
(二)中世纪后期民间巫术来自优Y尔L论W文Q网wWw.YouERw.com 加QQ7520~18766 崇拜发展 9
(三)基督教会对巫术态度的变化 11
三、 基督教的异端扫除 12
(一)宗教裁判所的产生 12
(二)宗教审判对象的转变——巫师即异端 13
结论 15
参考文献 16
致谢 17
引言
猎巫运动这场兴起于十五世纪,持续到十八世纪末 才终止的的宗教迫害运动。其在十五世纪时出现了第一次高潮,十六、十七世纪猎巫出现了第二次高潮,而段时期这也是巫术迫害最为严重的时期,这种迫害一直持续到十八世纪末期才最终消弭殆尽。猎巫主要出现在欧洲的西部地区,代表性国家级地区有法国、德意志西南地区、英国兰、瑞士和苏格兰等。猎巫运动针对的对象是巫师,但在实际展开时,许多被指控的“巫师”并不是真正的巫师,他们由于邻里矛盾、政治打击以及其它种种原因被打上巫师的印记,成为了逮捕、审问,甚至处决的对象。关于整场猎巫运动迫害的人数,不同的学者有着不同的见地,但这一人数大致为数十万人次。论文网