摘要随着我国道路交通运输和经济的迅速发展，罐式汽车在道路运输中越来越关键， 液罐车在液体物品的传输、消防救援等领域发挥着重要的作用。美国的一份研究报告 指出：高速公路上汽车发生翻车事故，其中有54%为带有罐体的汽车引起。罐式汽车 在路上行驶的时候，因路面不平或者在转弯、急停的时候车身内的液体货物会产生晃 动，于是液体货物在容器中的晃动也将作用于车身，导致车辆的操控稳定性大大降低， 带有罐体的汽车事故频发。除此之外，储液容器采用的是薄壁，高强度的材料，因此 研究此类液体和罐体耦合的问题是很重要的。如果汽车行驶中所受到的激励频率和罐 体的固有频率接近或相同时将会产生共振，共振不仅仅会导致汽车运行的不稳，而且 因为液体货物的存在会对罐体的结构造成破坏，影响行车的安全性，因此有必要对这 一类问题进行研究。本课题以液罐车的储液罐为主要研究对象，建立了储液罐的简化 模型，分别对不同贮液比下的储液罐进行模态分析，得出罐体的固有频率以及振型的 变化。其次对储液容器中的液体进行模态分析，得出液体晃动的固有频率和振型的变 化。最后，对比不同罐体的模态，为液罐车罐体的设计提供理论依据。 84948

毕业论文关键词：储液罐；流固耦合；固有频率；模态分析 

Abstract With the rapid growth of the road transportation and economy, the tank cars are becoming more and more critical in road transport stream, Tank trucks play an important role in the field of the transmission of liquid goods, fire fighting and rescue, and so on。 A study in the United States pointed out that the highway car accidents lead to the car over, among which 54% were caused with tank cars。 The body with liquid cargo will produce sloshing when the tank cars vehicle on the uneven roads or make the turn and the emergency stop。 So the liquid cargo sloshing in the container will also act on the car body, which   will

result in the great reduction of the vehicles，stability and the increase of the possibility of

accidents。 In addition, liquid storage containers are usually taken by the thin wall and high strength materials, then the research about the kind of problems of solid-liquid coupling become very important。 Tank cars will bring the resonance if the vibration frequency and the natural frequency of tanks are same。 The resonance will not only lead to the instability of trucks in operation, but also destroy the tank structures due to the presence of liquid cargo in some certain possibility。 These will affect the traffic safety, so it，s necessary to make research about this issue。 This topic takes the liquid tanks as the main object of study through the establishment of the simplified model of the liquid storage tanks。 So we can get the variety of the inherent frequency and the vibration type of tanks with respectively the model

analysis of different liquid storage containers。Secondly, we can obtain the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the liquid sloshing through the model analysis of the liquid。 Finally ,the study can achieve the purpose to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the tank bodies by the comparison of different models。

Keywords: Liquid storage tank; fluid structure interaction; natural frequency; modal analysis

目  录

第一章  绪论  1 

1。1 所选课题的工程背景 。 1 

1。2 研究现状 。。 1 

1。3 本课题主要研究内容、方法和工具 。 2 

1。3。1 研究内容和方法 。。 2 

1。3。2 研究目标 。。 3 

1。3。3 研究工具 。。 3 

第二章  理论公式依据 。。 4