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摘要道歉从根本上来说是一种社会行为,并且受到特定社会或文化规范的制约 。尤其在经济全球化背景下,受国际政治影响,中美交往中由于美方过失导致美方需要公开道歉时,美方对于自己的公开道歉声明用词非常慎重,注重保护道歉者自身面子的需求。以Trosborg的七项道歉策略为分析标准，本文通过对七篇美国向中国的公开道歉声明，分析中美交往中，涉及到美方道歉时，美方最常用的道歉策略，以及最不常用的道歉策略并研究其道歉的新特点。通过分析得出最常用的道歉策略为最小化责任策略，而最不常用的为补偿策略，同时在Trosborg的道歉策略之外，还涌现出了一些新的特点，如赞扬被冒犯者、表达美好愿望、感恩社会以及重申个人、企业信条以重塑形象。23342
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关键词 道歉策略 乔斯勃格 中美关系 公开道歉
毕业论文外文摘要
Title An Investigation on Apologies as Speech Acts in Sino-US Relations
Abstract
As a speech act used frequently in our daily life, apology can save both sides’ faces and help to carry out friendly communication. With the development of globalization, America becomes one of the most important trading partners of China. Therefore, the efficient use of apology by Americans can decrease the offence and help to improve the effectiveness of the communication. According to Anna Trosborg’s seven strategies for apologies, the thesis investigates American public apologies, including inpiduals’ and corporate apologies. This paper ends with the conclusion that the most frequently used apology strategy of American is minimizing the responsibility and there are also some new strategies, such as expressing good wishes.
Keywords apology strategies Trosborg Sino-US Relations public apology
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Object 1
1.3 Purpose of the Thesis 1
1.4 Structure of the Thesis 2
2 Literature Review 3
2.1 Theoretical Studies on Apology 3
2.2 Empirical Studies on Apology 6
2.3 Summary 6
3 Research Methodology 7
3.1 Research Questions 7
3.2 Data Collection 7
3.3 Data Analysis 8
4 Finding and Discussion 8
4.1 Frequencies of Apology Strategies in Seven Apology Letters 8
4.2 New Strategies in the Selected Seven Statements 17
4.3 Summary 19
Conclusion 21
1 Major Findings 21
2 Limitations and Further Research Suggestions 21
Acknowledgements 23
Bibliography 24
Appendix 25
1 ABC’s Apology Letter 25
2 CNN’s Apology Letter 26
3 U.S. Olympic Team Athletes’ Apology Letter 27
4 Nature’s Apology Letter 28
5 Sharon Stone’s apology letter 29
6 Apple’s Apology Letter 29
7 American Government’s Apology Letter 30
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
According to Goffman (1971: 137-167), apology is a remedial action. Apology is also widely used to redress responsibility when a real or potential offense occurs. Previous studies have been focused on apology strategies from many aspects, namely in the fields of pragmatics, sociolinguistics and cross- cultural communication. The research on the apology speech act became more mature during four decades. However, Chinese researchers lay behind the overseas researchers. We have known from CNKI data, many Chinese researchers start to focus on apology since 2001 and researches put more emphasis on the comparisons of the speech act of apology and interpretations between different cultures. There is little research on Americans’ public apologies in cross-cultural communication.