A Freudian Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights

Abstract：Wuthering Heights is regarded as one of the strangest novels and a masterpiece of critical realism in the history of world literature. It has always been a controversial book since its publication. Many literary critics and readers hold different views toward the novel and make various comments on it, especially the interpretation of the main character Heathcliff. Because of the uniqueness of the novel and the complex character of Heathcliff, till now there is insufficient research into Heathcliff’s multiple characters.

As one of the important parts of Freud’s theory, structural theory of psyche can help people analyze the deeper causes of the formation of man’s character. Therefore, this paper intends to interpret Heathcliff’s character from the Freudian psychoanalytic perspective. Through an analysis of Heathcliff’s complex character from id, ego and superego -- the three aspects of structural theory of psyche -- we can find  his multiple character is the result of the interaction and combination of his id, ego and superego. His character is determined by instinct and influenced by environment. Interpreting Heathcliff with Freud’s structural theory can not only help readers to understand the novel’s theme better, but also provide an important guiding role in the interpretation of the characters in literary works.

Keywords: Wuthering Heights; Freud; structural theory of psyche; id; ego; superego

《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫人物形象的弗洛伊德精神 分析法解读

摘要 《呼啸山庄》被认为是世界文学史上一部最奇特且具有伟大批判现实主义 的小说。这部小说出版以后就一直颇受争议。许多读者和文学评论家都对其持 有不同的看法，尤其是对希斯克利夫这一人物形象的解读更是大相径庭。但是 由于这部小说的独特性和希斯克利夫人物性格的复杂性，迄今为止，对希斯克 利夫人物性格的研究并不多见。

作为弗洛伊德的核心理论，心理结构理论有助于人们分析人物性格形成的 深层原因，从而更好地理解人物形象。本论文运用弗洛伊德的心理理论结构， 从本我、自我、超我三个角度来解读小说主人公希斯克利夫复杂的人物形象。 分析发现，希斯克利夫是本我、自我和超我相互作用的结果。他的多重性格由 本能决定并受后天环境影响。用弗洛伊德的心理结构理论分析希斯克利夫的多 重人物性格，可以帮助读者更好地理解《呼啸山庄》的主题，也为运用结构理 论分析人物形象的相关研究提供了借鉴。

关键词：《呼啸山庄》；弗洛伊德；精神结构理论；自我；本我；超我

Contents

Abstract in English I

Abstract in Chinese II

I. Introduction 3

II. The Theory of Freudian Psychoanalysis 5

2.1 The Content of Freudian's Theory 5

2.1.1 Consciousness and Unconsciousness Theory 6

2.1.2 Instinct Theory 7

2.1.3 Interpersonal Psychoanalysis 8

2.2 The Most Important One-The Structural Theory of Psyche 9

2.2.1 The Id 9

2.2.2