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Abstract The paper tries to analyze the main causes of Elisa’s failed quest for identity by illustrating her tragedy in “The chrysanthemums”. In the story, Elisa goes through three stages, form “lost” to “struggle” to “fail”. The story ends in tragedy due to three aspects, the impact of the industrialization and patriarchal thinking, gender constrains and Elisa’s cowardice.48347
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Keywords: John Steinbeck; The chrysanthemums; gender; patriarchy; cowardice
伊莉莎寻求自我的幻灭分析约翰•斯坦贝克《菊花》中造成女性寻求自我幻灭的主要原因
摘 要本文通过分析约翰•斯塔贝克《菊花》中女主人公伊莉莎的悲剧历程来得出造成其悲剧的主要原因。小说中，伊莉莎经历了三个阶段：迷失；挣扎；梦想破灭。通过对这三个阶段的分析，可以得出造成其悲剧的主要原因有三：工业化和父权主义的影响，性别的限制以及伊莉莎自身的软弱来'自"优尔:文;论/文\网www.youerw.com。
毕业论文关键词：约翰•斯塔贝克；《菊花》；性别；男权主义；懦弱
Contents
Introduction 1
1. Literature Review 1
2. The Information about John Steinbeck and His Works 2
1. The Lost Elisa 4
1.1 The Disharmonious Spousal Relationship 4
1.1.1 The Disharmonious Sexual Relationship 4
1.1.2 The Different Attitudes toward the chrysanthemums 4
1.1.3 Totally Different Life Circle 5
1.2 "The Chrysanthemums" as Consolation 6
1.3 Misplace of the Trust 7
2. The Struggling Elisa 9
2.1 Elisa's Subconscious Imitation of Man 9
2.2 Elisa's Conscious Resistance 10
2.3 Elisa's Conflicting Attitudes towards Herself 11
3. The Tragic Reality 13
3.1 The Society 13
3.1.1 The Destructive Impact of Industrialization 13
3.1.2 The Patriarchal Thinking 13
3.2 The Gender Constrains 14
3.3 Elisa's Cowardice 15
Conclusion 17
Work Cited. 18
Introduction
1. Literature Review
As the third novelist who won Nobel Prize in the history of the U.S, Steinbeck has long been acknowledged as one of America’s preeminent writers and attracted a substantial readership. “The Chrysanthemums” is one of Steinbeck’s finest short stories.
Some critics analyze “The Chrysanthemums” from the perspective of ecofeminism. The term “ecofeminism” was first introduced in 1974 by a French writer, Francoise d’Eaubonne, in her book, Le Feminism ou La Mort. In the "The Chrysanthemums Abandoned in the Wildness, the Women Barred from the Male World: An Ecofeminist Analysis of John Steinbeck’s ‘The Chrysanthemums’," Liu Li mentioned that “Elisa Allen is presented as the female, and her chrysanthemums are the representatives of nature. Meanwhile, Henry, Elisa’s husband and an unnamed tinker are represented as the male.” (Liu Li 5) Liu Li concluded that women and nature are intimately interconnected through the analysis of the connection between Elisa and the chrysanthemums. Furthermore, she also found the men’s domination of women and nature by analyzing Henry and the tinker’s attitudes toward Elisa and her chrysanthemums. She holds that the root of the living plight of women and nature lies in the patriarchal ideology. Similarly, Zhang Yingbo furthered the study and she once said in her “An Eco-feminist Study of Steinbeck’s ‘The Chrysanthemums’ ” that “Women as well as nature are usually ignored and destroyed by male-chauvinistic and man-centered dualism prevalent in American during the 1930s.” (Zhang Yingbo 5) As Steinbeck strongly argues that there exists a natural tie between nature and feminine spirit, Zhang Yingbo thinks that he not only aims to criticize the patriarchal ideology but also the utilitarianism and man-centrism. She concluded that the author expresses his affectionate feelings towards nature and their fate.