Abstract    William Golding is famous for his deep exploration of the defect of human nature in his works. Among his works, Lord of the Flies is the most classical one, for which Golding won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1983. This novel tells an adventure story about a group of schoolboys, who survive after a plane crash during WW3 on an isolated island. The educated children gradually lose their rationality, being the savages, and the civilization seems fragile and collapses finally in Lord of the Flies.68978

This thesis attempts to analyze the characters in this novel based on the theory of archetypal criticism. Exploring the meaning of the archetypes through analyzing characters in Lord of the Flies. Dionysus is the archetype of Jack. Jack is the incarnation of strength and cruelty and believes in the Jungle principle while Dionysus is the representative of ferity and craze with the rejection of rationality. Pentheus is the archetype of Piggy from the perspectives of their unfortunate fate. Piggy is a staunch force for rationality and civilization, but smashed by rolling rocks finally. As to Pentheus, he insults the pinity of god, torn in pieces by his mother at last. Jesus is the archetype of Simon in terms of their image of “ scapegoat”. Simon’s image of “scapegoat” makes connections with Jesus in the Bible. Simon decides to undertake the important task of finding out the truth of the “beast”, but finally he is killed as the “beast” by children. As to Jesus, he bears all the guilty and suffering of the human being by his guiltless body, being crucified on the cross.

Through the analysis of the archetypes of the characters in Lord of the Flies, we have a better understanding of the defect of human nature and the original sin in order to have a deep exploration of Golding and his writing background.

毕业论文Key Words: Lord of the Flies     archetypal criticism      characters     archetype     

摘要

    威廉·戈尔丁的作品以对人性本恶的深入探讨而著名，其中《蝇王》更是探讨人性本恶的经典之作，并在1983年获诺贝尔文学奖。小说讲述了第三次世界大战中，由于飞机失事而流落荒岛的孩子们的历险故事。在小说中，一群受过教育的孩子逐渐失去理性，文明渐渐破碎，最终崩塌。

本文以小说中的人物为研究对象，以原型批评为理论依据，探讨小说中人物形象的原型意义。杰克的原型是狄奥尼索斯。小说中，杰克是野蛮与力量的化身，信奉丛林法则。而酒神狄奥尼索斯反对理性，主张狂热激情。就猪仔和彭透斯的悲剧性命运而言，我们可以说彭透斯是猪仔的原型。猪仔坚定地维护理性和文明，最后被滚石砸死。彭透斯侮辱神祗，最后被其母亲撕碎。就西蒙和耶稣的“替罪羊”形象而言，西蒙的原型是耶稣。西蒙的替罪羊形象很容易让我们联想到《圣经》中的耶稣。小说中西蒙决定承担起寻找野兽真面目的任务，但最后被孩子们当成野兽杀死了。而耶稣以他的无罪之躯承担了人类犯下的所有罪过，最后被钉在十字架上。

通过对小说人物原型的研究，可以让读者更好地理解小说中人性本恶和原罪主题，从而深入了解戈尔丁及其所处的时代背景。

关键词：《蝇王》     原型批评     人物     原型

Contents

Introduction..1

Chapter One Introduction to the Archetype Theory.4  

Chapter Two Archetype from Greek Mythology7    

  2.1 Jack: Based on the Archetype---Dionysus.7

  2.2 Piggy: Based on the Archetype --- Pentheus.8