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摘 要语言是人类社会发展的产物，在人类社会中扮演着重要的角色。性别歧视作为一种社会现象，不仅存在于社会生活中，而且反映在语言运用中。本论文分析了英语中的性别歧视现象存在的历史原因，社会原因，并且从词汇学，语义学，词序角度分析了性别歧视在英语中的不同表现形式。同时，本文还总结了类似运用中性词和消除第三人称代词等纠正方法，从而帮助人们有意识的避免语言中的性别歧视，以期实现男女平等，社会和谐。10307
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关键词:英语词汇;性别歧视;原因;纠正方法
Abstract Language is the product of the development of human society and plays an important role in society. Sexism is a kind of social phenomenon, not only reflects in social life, but also in the language applying. This paper analyses the historical reason, social roles and status of sexism in English language. And it introduces different manifestations of sexism in English language from the perspectives of morphology, semantics and word order. Meanwhile, it summarizes the ways to avoid the sexism in language consciously, such as using sex-neutral language and eliminating the third personal pronoun, hoping to achieve the equality of men and women and social harmony.
Key words: English vocabulary; sexism; reasons; correction ways
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
Ⅰ.Introduction 1
Ⅱ. Historical and Social Reasons of the Sexism in English 2
2.1 Historical Reasons 2
2.2 Social Roles and Status 2
Ⅲ. Sexism in English Vocabulary 3
3.1 The Sexism in Morphology 3
3.1.1 The Sexism in Suffix 3
3.1.2 The Sexism in Compounds 5
3.2 The Sexism in Semantics 6
3.2.1 Degradation of Feminine Words 6
3.2.2 Sexism in Usage of Proverb 6
3.2.3 Sexism in Animal and Food Terms 7
3.2.4 The Same Word with Different Meaning 8
3.2.5 The Same Phrase, Different Gender with Different Meaning 8
3.3 Sexism in the Word Order 9
3.4 Sexism in Addressing 9
Ⅳ. The Method of Avoiding the Sexism in English 10
4.1 Changing Sexist Words into Non-sexist Words 10
4.2 Avoiding the Third Personal Pronoun 12
4.2.1 Depending on Plural Nouns 12
4.2.2 Relying on “he or she” Instead of “he” 13
4.2.3 Counting on some one/ the one/ no one 13
4.2.4 Substituting a Noun for the Pronoun 13
4.2.5 Using Article Words 13
4.2.6 Applying Passive Voice 13
4.2.7 Omitting Pronouns 13
4.2.8 Replacing of the Pronoun with the Synonym 14
4.2.9 Introducing Women Dependently 14
Ⅴ. Conclusion 15
Bibliography 17
Acknowledgements 18
A Brief Analysis on Sexism in English Vocabulary
Ⅰ.Introduction
Language is a kind of common social phenomenon, just like a mirror which can reflect the development of the human society, the real life, culture, people’s value, relationship between human beings etc. Sexism is an ancient topic, not only reflects in every aspect of human society, but also reflects in human language. The important aspect of the sexism reflects that it expresses unfair attitudes towards women, it regards men as standards, while women only as a subordinate part of the men, only need to obey the order of the man. The classical “Bible” explicitly declares that “men have created the world, and women are created from the ribs that are removed from the man’s body” .It indicates that women are subordinate to men. This terrible thought has been continuing until now. In general recognition, men are regarded as strong and powerful, however women are regarded as weak. When a baby is born, the first question is whether it is a boy or a girl, the parents want to identify the gender and treat them differently from the beginning. This kind of sexism also makes the difference more and more clear, and finally reflects in language. It influences the forms of vocabulary and discourse. In English language, many words belong to the markedness theory, such as teacher, professor, judge, pilot, lawyer, doctor, these words represent the occupation which has the higher status always belong to the men. If we want to represent the women in these professions, we need to add some sex markedness vocabulary, such as lady, woman, girl or female. English language has manifested a considerable amount of sexism for a long time. Although in the contemporary world, the sexism in language has been decreasing, we still need to take measures to eradicate the sexist concepts among the general public and improve women’s status.