摘要：新中国成立前黑热病长期流行于苏北地区，患病人数众多，对社会造成了极大的危害。二十世纪五、六十年代，新中国开展了苏北黑热病的防治工作，构建公共卫生防疫体系，健全基层防疫机构，开展调查和宣传教育工作，免费医疗，同时发动群众开展卫生清洁活动，进行群防群治等。由于中央和地方政府的重视和积极防治，于1961年苏北基本上消灭了黑热病。但也存在不足，例如消灭黑热病几乎是在发动群众运动下进行的。通过对二十世纪五、六十年代苏北黑热病防治研究，探索成功防治的原因，为当前的卫生防疫事业提供了防疫经验，具有很高的现实价值。62428

毕业论文关键词：苏北   黑热病   防治

Abstract：The kala-azar had been prevalent in the north of Jiangsu broadly and there were a large number of patients and did great harm to society before the establishment of the China. Between the 1950s and 1960s, China had carried out the kala-azar prev- ention and cure job in the north of Jiangsu , had structured public health epidemic prev- ention system , had improved grass-roots unit epidemic prevention organization,and  carried out investigation and propagate educational work and free medical care, and mobilized the masses to carry out sanitation activities for prevention and treatment and so on. Because of the central and local government attention and positive control, in the north of Jiangsu kala-azar had been wiped out mainly in 1961. But there were some short comings, such as wiping out kala-azar almost is to be in progress under launching mass campaign. Through the study on Azar prevention and cure job in the north of Jiangsu between the 1950s and 1960s, it explores the reasons for the success of prevention and provides experience for the prevention of epidemic at present and has high practical value.

Keywords：The north of Jiangsu    Kala Azar    Prevention

一、引言7

二、建国前后苏北黑热病概况7

三、苏北地方社会应对9

（一）预防控制9（二）医疗救治11（三）卫生清洁16（四）疫情监控17

四、防治成效及其反思17（一）成效17（二）反思18五、余论 22

参考文献 23

致谢24

图表目录

图1:《1956年消灭黑热病》宣传画··············10

图2:白蛉成蛉图······················10图3：淮阴行政区黑热病防治体系示意图·············12

图4：江苏省黑热病及主要蛉种的分布图············14

表1：各省黑热病患者的年龄分布图··············15

表2：黑热病人症状情况调查表（1952 年）··········15

表3：苏北部分县、市基本消灭黑热病的时间一览表·······17

图5：淮阴专区黑热病逐年发病情况··············18

一、引言

19世纪至20世纪上半叶，我国最严重的五大寄生虫病之一的黑热病对人民的身心健康造成了极大的危害。苏北，是黑热病流行非常严重的地区之一，但是关于研究苏北的黑热病的文章比较少 。本文将试从社会学的角度研究二十世纪五、六十年代苏北黑热病的防治情况。