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摘要：随着我国经济建设的不断发展，交通运输业已日愈繁荣，现代化的交通运输主要包括铁路、水路、公路、航空和管道五种方式。与其他的运输方式相比较，铁路运输具有运输能力大、可全天候运营、运输成本低等优点。但是，制约铁路发展的重要因素之一是安全问题，平交道口是铁路和公路的平面交叉，随着铁路行车速度、密度的不断提高和公路车辆的急速增多，仅靠司机的判断力穿梭而行，极易发生交通事故，因此，一个极具重要性的课题摆在我们的面前，即如何提高铁路平交道口的安全性。
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本文设计了一个基于单片机控制的道口自动报警系统。该系统选用STC89C52单片机和磁电式传感器为核心器件，用安装在钢轨内侧的传感器组成检测点，感应到的车轮信息后通过标准信号电缆传送到道口房的主机内，由单片机控制道口交通灯的转换和语音报警功能的开关，并能达到自动检测、报警通知和提升道口整体安全状况的目的，这样能及时将可靠准确的来车情况通知道口工和行人，行人车辆自动停止等待列车通过，将大大避免道口事故的发生。20659
毕业论文关键字：平交道口；自动报警；单片机
Automatic alarm system of grade crossing
Abstract：With the continuous development of China's economic construction,transportation has increasingly prosperous, Five ways of modern transportation including railway, waterway, highway, aviation and pipeline. Compared with other modes of transport, the railway transport has a large transport capacity, all-weather operation, low transportation cost. However, one of the important factors that restrict the development of the railway is the security problem, crossing is the intersection of the railway and highway, With the continuous improvement of railway vehicle speed, density and road vehicles increased rapidly, relying on the shuttle and the driver's judgment,prone to traffic accidents, Therefore, a very important problem in front of us, that is how to improve the safety of railway level crossing.
This paper designed an automatic alarm system based on single-chip microcomputer control crossing, The system choose STC89C52 MCU and magnetoelectric sensor as the core device.Installation component detection in sensor inside the wheel rail, host information sensed by transmitting the standard signal cable to the crossing of real, Conversion of crossing traffic light controlled by MCU and voice alarm function of the switch, and can achieve automatic detection, alarm to inform and enhance the overall security situation crossing, This time will be reliable and accurate to car pass know export industry and pedestrians, waiting for the train through the automatic stopping traffic, will be greatly avoided crossing accident.
Key Words: grade crossing; automatic alarm; Microcontrollers
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2 道口报警系统国内外研究水平 1
1.3 道口报警的发展趋势 2
1.4 本文主要工作和内容安排 2
2 系统的硬件电路 3
2.1 系统总体设计 3
2.2 单片机最小系统电路 3
2.2.1 STC89C52单片机简介 3
2.2.2 时钟电路设计 7
2.2.3 复位电路设计 7
2.3 信号采集电路 8
2.3.1 磁电式传感器的基本原理 8
2.3.2 磁电式传感器的基本结构 8
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