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摘要2013年，单独“二孩”政策出台，在 2015 年全面“二孩”政策也已放开。然而预想的生育高峰并没有到来，“二孩”政策遇冷。本文主要是在大量阅读文献的基础上，采用问卷调查与访谈的方法进行研究。通过问卷调查，我了解到当前大学生群体的生育观念较之传统观念发生了变化，理想生育意愿也较强。然而，通过访谈，我了解到大学生在考虑多种因素之后的实际生育意愿是较低的，大多倾向于生一个小孩。因此，本文就影响个人生育的原因进行了分析，并对促进“二孩”政策施行的措施进行了讨论。影响个人生育的主要原因和对于措施的探讨主要是从个人、政府和社会三个层面进行分析的。个人层面的原因主要是孩子生育成本高、孩子教育压力大、个人身体状况以及工作方面因生育而产生的问题；政府层面的原因则主要是政策宣传不到位以及配套措施、政策不完善；社会层面则是生育观念的转变、计划生育政策的影响以及社区和社会组织角色的缺乏。关于措施，个人层面主要集中在提高个人素养，对孩子尽好责任；政府层面要加强政策宣传以及完善配套措施及政策；社会方面则是要加强社区和社会组织在个人和政府之间的协调作用。48665
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毕业论文关键词 “二孩”政策 生育意愿 限制因素 措施
Title The two-childern policy freezing and countermeasureprobing --with the explantion of college students’fertility desire by questionnaires in Nanjing
Abstract Separate two-child policy had have formulated in 2013,while comprehensive two-child policyformulated in 2015.Because the baby boom hasn’t came with the formulating of the policy,thepolicy faces difficulties.This paper mainly uses the way of questionaires and interviewingpeople in base of reading amount of references.I have known that the ideas about fertility of thecollege students changed already by uesing questionnaires.However,I find that the actualfertility desire of the college students isn’t high with cosidering different factors when Iinterviwe people.So this paper analysis the reasons why the two-child policy freezes and trys tomake solutions to this situation.The reasons and solutions all can be discussed in three parts:people themselves,the governmentand the society.The reasons of people themselves are the high costs of fertility,the pressure ofteaching childs,the situation of their health and the inflution of their job.The governmentdoesn’t publicize the policy well and the supporting measures aren’t enough.In the part of thesociety,the ieads of fertility have changed.Family planning also infiuents people although it hasbeen stopped.Moreover,the communities and society organizations are missing theirduties.When talking about the solutions ,I think that people should improve themselves and beresponsible for the childs.The government should publicize the policy well and complete thesupporting measures.The communities and the society orgnizations should coordinate thegovernment and people.
Keywords two-child policy fertility desire limiting factors solutions
目次
1导论1
1.1选题背景及意义1
1.2研究目的1
1.3研究方法1
1.4文献综述2
2大学生生育意愿调查分析6
2.1“二孩”政策遇冷的基本表现6
2.2“二孩”政策遇冷原因假设6
2.3样本特征的描述统计7
2.4个人的生育观8
2.5生育意愿分析10
2.6生育的考虑意愿分析11
2.7对于“二孩”政策的相关了解及建议12
2.8结果验证13
3“二孩”政策遇冷主要原因分析14
3.1个人层面14
3.2政府层面16
3.3社会层面16
4“二孩”政策促进措施探讨18