减震器示功特性测控系统设计

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摘要本文首先介绍下什么是减震器，减震器主要是用来抑制弹簧吸震后反弹时的震荡及来自路面的冲击。在经过不平路面时，虽然吸震弹簧可以过滤路面的震动，但弹簧自身还会有往复运动，而减震器就是用来抑制这种弹簧跳跃的。减震器太软，车身就会上下跳跃，减震器太硬就会带来太大的阻力，妨碍弹簧正常工作。在关于悬挂系统的改装过程中，硬的减震器要与硬的弹簧相搭配，而弹簧的硬度又与车重息息相关，因此较重的车一般采用较硬的减震器。减震器在摩托车中是一个仅次于发动机的关键部件，它是悬架与车轮连接的柔性环节，减震器性能的好坏直接影响车辆的承载能力和平稳性，以及车辆行驶过程中的舒适性、安全性。因此，对减震器的性能进行检测是非常必要的。

减震器的特性主要包括示功特性和速度特性，本文研究的是减震器的示功特性测控系统设计，减震器的示功特性是指减震器阻尼力-位移（F-S）之间的关系，表示减震器在压缩和复原两个过程中阻尼变化的特性，在路面不平或遇到障碍物的时候，弹簧能够缓冲振动，阻尼则通过吸收能量衰减振动，阻尼对减震器的性能起关键作用。因此，阻尼力与位移的关系曲线示功图是检测减震器性能的重要方式。51171

本课题采用研华PCI-1711L及PCI-1761板卡进行数据采集及控制，并能将采集到的数据以图的形式显示，同时实现对变频器的控制，以实现对电机的调速。结合题目通过软件设计和编程，设计出能够显示减震器的示功特性以及阻尼力-位移（F-S）之间关系的软件界面，能图形化显示各种数据，曲线能在测试完后自动显示，并通过分析曲线判断减震器是否合格，能自动将测试结果进行存储，用于以后减震器的设计和研究。

毕业论文关键词:减震器、示功特性、数据采集、示功曲线

Abstract

This paper first introduces what shock absorbers , shock absorbers is mainly used to inhibit spring shock rebound after the shock and impact from the road .In uneven road , although the shock-absorbing spring can filter the type of road vibration , but the spring itself will have reciprocated , and the shock absorber is used to inhibit this spring jumping .The shock absorber is too soft , the body will be jumping up and down , the shock absorber is too hard it will bring too much resistance , interfere with the normal work of the spring .In the conversion process on the suspension system , hard shock absorbers with stiffer springs with the hardness of the spring is closely related to vehicle weight , heavier vehicles generally use a harder shock absorbers .Shock absorber motorcycle is a key component of a second only to the engine , suspension and wheels are attached to the flexible part of the shock absorber performance of a direct impact on the carrying capacity of the vehicle and smooth , and vehicles during the comfort, security. Therefore, to detect the performance of the shock absorber is very necessary.

The main characteristics of the shock absorber dynamometer features and speed characteristics of this study is the shock absorber dynamometer characteristics of monitoring and control system design , shock absorber dynamometer characteristics of the shock absorber damping force-displacement ( F-S ) relationship , which means that the shock absorber characteristics of compression damping changes and recovery of two processes , uneven road surface or an obstacle , the spring can cushion the vibration damping vibration attenuation by absorption of energy , damping shock absorbers performance play a key role. Therefore, the damping force and displacement curve indicator diagram is an important way to detect the shock absorber performance.

This topic using Advantech PCI -1711L and PCI-1761 boards for data acquisition and control, and the collected data can be displayed in graphical internship control of the inverter to the motor speed . Binding subject design and programming by software , the software is designed to be able to display the relationship between the dynamometer characteristics of the shock absorber damping force - displacement (F-S) interface , can graphically display various types of data , the curve can be displayed automatically after the test and by analyzing the curve to determine the shock absorber is qualified, you automatically test results are stored for future design and research of the shock absorber .