摘要现代的科学技术的飞速发展很大程度上提高了人们的生活质量和水平，同而也给人们的日常生活带来了极大的便捷。例如：新能源的不断发现，合成材料的研制，生产自动化程度的不断提高等。但是事物总是具有正反两面性的，科学技术在造福人类的同时，也会给人们日常生活带来一些负面影响。日常生活中接触到的液化气、天然气，各种电器，易燃的家装材料等等，都是我们生活中火灾发生的极大隐患。而居民小区作为一类人口密集的地方，更应当提高小区居民的防火防灾意识，从而减少或者避免险情的发生。小区发生火灾的案例屡见不鲜，一次次惨痛的教训告诉我们必须设计出比较完善的火灾报警系统。 70314

基于以上，本文从生活中最常见的居民小区着手，旨在设计一种适用于居民小区基本单元的单片机的小区火灾报警系统。该火灾报警系统是以STC89C51型单片机为核心处理器，接受、处理温度传感器的温度信号和烟雾传感器的烟雾浓度信号，当火灾发生时进行声光报警并在监控系统及时显现。这个系统24小时全天候工作，不断检测居民家中的烟雾浓度和温度，及时让报警控制器接收到，将收到的信号示值和人为设定的正常范围监测值进行比较，从而判定是否有火灾发生。一旦温度传感器或者烟雾传感器接收到的信号出现异常，可实现声光报警、监控系统显示、故障自诊断等，具有结构简单、性能稳定、价格低廉、易操作和智能化等特点。

毕业论文关键词：传感器  单片机  监控系统  报警装置

Residential fire alarm system design based on MCU

Abstract The rapid development of modern science and technology greatly improves people's quality of life, and has brought great convenience to people's daily lives. For example: the continuous discovery of new energy, manufacture of synthetic materials, producing ever-increasing degree of automation. But things always have positive and negative duality of science and technology benefit people at the same time, will also have negative impact on people's daily lives. Daily exposure to the gas, natural gas, electrical appliances, flammable decoration materials and so on, is the great hidden danger of fire in our lives. As a densely populated residential area where more should raise the community's awareness of fire prevention, so as to reduce or avoid dangerous situations. There are many cases of Community fire, and painful lessons tell us we have to design the perfect fire-alarm system.

Based on the above, we proceed from the most common residential life, is to design a suitable residential base unit of the Community fire alarm system. The fire alarm system is based on the STC89C51 microcontroller as the core processor, acceptance, processing temperature sensor temperature signal and concentration of smoke sensor signals, sound and light alarm when a fire occurs and the monitoring system appeared in a timely manner. The system 24 hours a day, constantly detects smoke concentration and temperature in the home, and timely feedback to the alarm control, alarm control unit receives signals and monitor compares the normal range, so as to determine whether there is a fire.  Once the temperature sensors or smoke sensor receives the signal exception occurs, can realize sound and light alarm and monitoring system display, fault diagnosis, has simple structure, reliable, inexpensive, easy to operate, intelligence and so on. 

Key Words: sensors  microcontroller  surveillance systems  alarm devices

目　录

摘　要 I

Abstract II

1  绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义