摘要电阻炉是工业生产和生活中经常用到的电加热设备，尤其在冶金、电力等领域有广 泛的应用。随着技术水平的不断提高，人们对电阻炉温控系统可靠性的要求也日趋严格。 由于电阻炉系统具有非线性、大滞后和时变性等特点，传统的 PID 控制系统在实践中很 难达到满意的控制效果。79789

本设计对电阻炉炉温控制系统的工作原理进行了全面的分析、研究，并将模糊原理 和常规的 PID 控制系统结合起来，完成了基于模糊自调节 PID 控制的电阻炉温控系统的 设计。该控制系统通过模糊控制规则库，调整 PID 控制的相关参数以改进控制效果，整 个过程无需人为设置和参与。

本文对该炉温控制系统进行了仿真，仿真在 MATLAB 的 Simulink 环境下实现。对仿 真结果进行系统的分析后发现，不论是一阶的延迟系统，还是更高阶的迟滞系统，该控 制器的控制效果都优于常规 PID 控制器，与常规 PID 控制器相比，该控制器能够显著提 高炉温控制系统的动态性能和鲁棒性，并具备较小的超调量和较短的调节时间。因此这 种设计方法可能具备较强的实用价值，也可以推广到其它控制系统的研究与设计上。

毕业论文关键词：电阻炉炉温控制系统；模糊 PID 控制；PID 控制；MATLAB 仿真

Abstract Resistance furnace is a frequently used electric heating equipment in  industrial production and life, especially in the fields of metallurgy, electric power and so on。 With the continuous improvement of the technical level, requirements on the reliability of the temperature control system of resistance furnace become more and more strict。 Because the resistance furnace system has the characteristics of nonlinear, large time delay and time variation, the traditional PID control system is unable to achieve satisfactory control effect in practice。

This work makes a comprehensive study and analysis on the working principle of the furnace temperature control system, and designs a furnace temperature control system by combining the fuzzy theory and conventional PID control system together。 This  control system is based on fuzzy self-adjusting PID control。 The control system adjusts the relevant parameters of the PID controller to improve the effect of control by querying a database of fuzzy control rules。 The whole process is automatic and does not require the participation of a human operator。

This work simulates the temperature control system with the Simulink environment in MATLAB。 It is found that the performance of the controller is better than that of the conventional PID controller when the controlled system is a first order delayed system or even a higher order delayed one。 Compared with the conventional PID controller, this controller can obviously improve both the dynamic and static performance of the control system of furnace temperature and achieve higher robustness。 Our simulation results also show that it has smaller overshoot and shorter adjusting time。 So this design method may have a strong practical value, and can potentially be extended to the research and design of other control systems。

Keywords: Resistance furnace temperature control system; Fuzzy  PID control; PID control; MATLAB simulation

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 课题研究的背景及意义 1

1。2 国内外相关技术的现状及发展 2

1。2。1 炉温控制技术的现状及发展 2

1。2。2 智能控制理论的现状及发展 3

1。3 本文的主要内容与结构安排 3

第二章 电阻炉炉温控制系统研究和设计的方案