摘要：硝酸铵在工业生产和种植业以及军工事业中都占据着很重要的地位。硝酸铵中的氮元素的来源一般是氨气或者含氨气体，以及浓度在53%左右的硝酸。以硝酸铵生产工艺中的中和反应为背景进行研究。

在中和反应器中，浓度近100%的氨气和浓度为53%的硝酸水溶液通过中和反应生成浓度为75%-80%之间的硝酸铵。在中和反应进行的时候，如果PH值不稳定将会导致反应环境偏酸性或者偏碱性，这样的情况都会导致原料的浪费且会腐蚀反应器内壁，而且产品的品质不高和产量会降低。是以，控制反应环境的PH值，在生产硝酸铵的时候特别的重要，那么反应场所中的气氨和硝酸的摩尔数必须符合比例，而氨气和硝酸的流量也必须符合一定的比值关系，而且氨气和溶有硝酸的水混合生产硝酸铵的反应就需要在配料过程中进行配比控制。81174

控制系统采用变比值控制系统。控制系统的设计完成后利用MATLAB中的Simulink仿真来验证控制系统的控制效果。

关键词： 控制系统；硝酸铵生产过程；中和；比值控制；Simulink仿真

The design of the reactor control system based on ratio control

Abstract: Ammonium nitrate occupies an important position in industrial production and farming, as well as military industry。 Nitrogen elements in ammonium nitrate are usually derived from ammonia or ammonia, and nitric acid, which is about 53 percent。 The neutralization reaction in the production process of ammonium nitrate was studied in the background。In the neutralizing reactor, the concentration of ammonia and concentration of approximately 100% of ammonia and the concentration of the nitric acid in 53% is about 75% to 80% of ammonium nitrate。 In the neutralization reaction, if the PH value is not stable will cause reaction of acidic or alkaline environment, it will cause waste of raw materials and corrosion of the reactor wall, and the quality of the product is not high, and yield decreased。 Is to control the PH of the reaction environment, in the production of ammonium nitrate especially important, so the gas reaction sites and the number of moles of ammonia and nitrate must conform to the proportion, and the flow of ammonia and nitrate also must meet certain ratio relations, containing nitric acid and ammonia and water mix in the production of ammonium nitrate reaction requires matching control in the process of ingredients。The control system adopts the ratio control system。 After the design of the control system was completed, the Simulink simulation of MATLAB was used to verify the control effect of the control system。

Keywords:  control system; Ammonium nitrate production process; Neutralization; The ratio of control; Simulink simulation

目录

1 绪论 3

1。1 研究的目的与意义 3

1。2国内外硝酸铵中和反应器控制系统的特点及发展状况 3

1。3 论文主要研究内容 3

2 硝酸铵工艺过程 3

2。1 硝酸铵工艺 3

2。1。1 硝酸铵中和反应原理 3

2。1。2 中和反应器 3

3 MATLAB/Simulink 3

3。1 Simulink简介 3

3。1。1 Simulink主要模块库 3

3。1。2 利用Simulink进行系统仿真的步骤 3

4 控制方法的研究 3

4。2 比值控制系统概述 3