摘  要

当今社会日新月异，发展的潮流使得日常生活中的工具不断更迭，也越来越人性化、智能化。为了更好地为人类服务，几乎一切智能的技术产品，都会使用到定位。其中，超声波便是应用最为广泛的一门技术。比如：汽车导航系统、距离探测仪器设备以及物体位置测量产品等等。这些产品的诞生，都是得益于超声波的性能——指向性能——具有强势的优点，且在使用过程中，它的能量消耗是十分缓慢、不会对结果造成剧烈影响的，也就因此，超声波测量距离这门技术的研究和开发具有十分重要的现实意义。83851

摘要本次毕业设计的研究内容是为盲人设计一款智能手杖（拐杖），在他们行走的过程当中，如果前方有障碍物，该手杖将会发出报警，从而让盲人能够自行避开障碍物，同时也能够减少悲剧的发生，消除很多安全隐患。

这款手杖的系统主要是基于单片机的超声波测距系统，利用初中的基础物理知识，以及超声波在空气中传播，遇到障碍物后会反射回来的原理，计算出相应的时间差来计算距离物体的近似距离，将得出的距离进行显示并报警。该系统主要会分为以下几个模块：超声波测距系统，即超声波发射单元和超声波接收单元；距离显示模块（供测试者使用）；声音报警模块等。其中，声音报警方面能够有效地为盲人提供信息，从而可以保护盲人的安全。

毕业论文关键词：超声波测距；单片机；智能手杖

Abstract In today's society, the development of world has been making the tool in daily life becoming more humane and intelligent。 In order to serve us, the humans, better, almost all intelligent technology products will be used to locate the point we stay。 Among them, the ultrasound is one kind of the most widely used technology, such as car navigation system, distance detection and object position measurement and so on。 The birth of these products, are due to the advantage of ultrasonic pointing performance, and while in the use process, its energy consumption is very slow, this advantage will not cause a dramatic impact on the results。 Therefore, ultrasonic distance measurement research and the development of this technology have very important practical significance。

The research content of this graduation design is to make a smart cane for the blind, in the process of their walking, if obstacles are in the front of the users, the stick will alarm, so as to allow the blind to avoiding obstacles, and in this way, it will reduce the tragedy occurrence, so that it can eliminate a lot of security risks。

The walking stick system is mainly based on the single chip, which will use the ultrasonic distance measurement system。 The methods this stick applies are the junior middle school physics knowledge and the speed of ultrasonic in the air。 While encountered an obstacle, ultrasonic wave will be reflected, and the microcomputer will calculate the time to compute the approximate distance of the object。 Then, the system will alarm the users in different ways according to the distances。 The system is mainly pided into the following modules: ultrasonic ranging system ultrasonic emission unit and the ultrasonic receiving unit; distance display module (for testers to use); voice alarm module。 Among them, the voice alarm can provide information and the safety protection of the blind。

Keywords: ultrasonic distance measurement; single chip microcomputer; intelligent walking stick;

目  录

第一章  绪论 1

1。1 概述 1

1。2 设计的目的与意义 1

1。3 国内外现状 2