摘要:管道输送原油是当前工业领域普遍采用的原油输送方式，也是运行费用较低，最为经济有效的输送方式。输送原油的管道时常会发生一些影响原油输送工艺和安全的问题，例如有化学成分沉淀、结蜡等危险现象，该现象除了受温度这个重要因素影响之外，还和管壁温差、原油的组成成分、流速、管道的表面特性及管道的压力等多种因素有关，是一个相当复杂的难题。原油中的蜡、沥青质及胶质长期流过管道后会沉积在管壁上，使原有的输送阻力增大。从而导致输油管道内壁结蜡现象，而该现象是导致管道输送能力降低的主要原因，严重时甚至会造成凝管事故，给管道输送造成很大的安全隐患。52617

为了解决原油的输送问题，就在各个站点之间设置简易的加热装置。在原油的温度下降到无法运输的温度，即无法安全运输抵达下一站的温度之前，对其进行加热，使原油输送的温度升高到其所需求的温度，从而改善高凝高粘原油的流动性，降低输送的阻力，增加原油的输送量。当下一项非常有效的补救措施，是对于凝管等危险事件发生之前，先对其进行及时的处理，保证原油输送的质量与整个输送过程以及管道的安全的工程当然需要设计一套更高效、更智能化的系统。

本文主要研究内容如下：首先，本文在对于当下所使用的管道原油加热方法和系统做了简要的介绍与分析，对于其理论模型中的各个组成部分做了拆分讲解，与对于之后可能诞生的理想化的原油加热与输送系统做了简单分析与展望。

再者，本文在当下所使用的管道原油输送与加热系统的基础上，运用电脑智能化管理以及一些化学知识，绘制管道原油输送与加热系统的模型，并利用Pro/E软件的强大的硬件绘制、系统框架建构、装配和系统动画制作等功能，并配合3ds Max制作、渲染系统工作动画来模拟、演示整个智能系统的工作情况。

关键词：原油输送与加热系统的模型；Pro/E；3ds Max；智能化

Design of heating system for intelligent crude oil transportation

ABSTRACT：Pipeline transportation of crude oil is widely used in the current industrial field of crude oil transportation, but also the operating cost is low, the most economical and effective way to transport. Transportation of crude oil pipeline always occurs some effects of crude oil transportation technology and safety problems, such as chemical composition of precipitation, wax and other dangerous phenomenon, the phenomenon besides affected by the factors of temperature and tube wall temperature, crude oil composition, flow rate, pipe pressure on the road surface characteristics and pipeline, many factors about, is a very complex problem. The wax, asphaltene and resin in the crude oil will be deposited on the tube wall after long time flowing through the pipe, so that the original conveying resistance will increase. Which leads to the inner wall of oil pipeline wax phenomenon, and this phenomenon is the main reason leading to the reduction of pipeline transport capacity, and even cause serious accidents, causing great security risks to pipeline transportation.

In order to solve the transmission problem of crude oil, a simple heating device is arranged between each station. In the temperature of crude oil dropped to cannot transport of temperature which is unable to transport safety arrived in the next station temperature before, the heating, to transport crude oil temperature rises to the demand of temperature, so as to improve the fluidity of high pour point and high viscosity oil, reduce transportation resistance, increasing the transportation capacity of crude oil plus. Present a very effective remedial measures, for coagulation tube and other dangerous event occurred before, first of its were dealt with in a timely manner, to ensure the quality of the crude oil transportation and the transfer process and pipeline safety engineering can, of course, need to design a more efficient, more intelligent system. Pro/E+3dsMax智能化原油输送加热系统设计:http://www.youerw.com/zidonghua/lunwen_56576.html