摘要近些年来,航运业发展迅速,海上运输的日益繁忙使得在有限的航线上航行的船舶数量越来越多。拥挤的海上交通导致船舶碰撞事故时有发生。据统计,所有造成货物损失的事故类型中,由船舶碰撞事故引起的就占35%。船舶碰撞事故往往会造成船体结构破损、财产损失、人员伤亡、以及包括化学品在内的货物泄露所造成的海洋环境污染等严重的后果。因此,研究船舶碰撞问题对于安全性、经济性及保护环境来说都具有十分重要的意义。与此同时,通过开展船舶碰撞性能的分析还能够为在繁忙航线中运行的船舶的速度限定、操作规范等提供依据。77115
目前大部分学者采用数值仿真方法研究船舶碰撞问题时,往往仅建立撞击船艏和被撞船舷侧模型,研究碰撞过程中被撞船舷侧的损伤变形和能量吸收情况。然而,这样的分析方法没有考虑碰撞过程中船体与周围水域的耦合作用,忽略了水域流动对相撞船舶在运动及损伤过程中的影响,并不能全面地模拟实际碰撞场景。
本文以159,000DWT油船货舱区域舷侧结构为研究对象,采用大型非线性有限元分析软件MSC。Dytran,基于全耦合分析技术建立了相撞船舶及水域的简化耦合模型,分析了被撞船体舷侧结构的碰撞性能,并讨论了撞击参数对被撞船舷侧结构碰撞性能的影响规律。主要研究内容及结论如下:
(1)归纳总结了船舶碰撞研究的国内外研究概况及趋势,确定了本文的主要研究内容;
(2)详细介绍了船舶碰撞的全耦合分析方法,确定典型的碰撞场景,计算分析了被撞船体舷侧结构的碰撞性能,详细讨论了碰撞过程中的损伤变形、碰撞力及能量吸收情况。发现碰撞损伤的塑性变形范围主要局限于发生碰撞的区域,舷侧外板为碰撞过程中的主要吸能构件,构件吸收的能量绝大部分转化为变形能,很少一部分转化为被撞船的动能和内能及其他能量;
(3)通过改变撞击船的初速度、撞击角度及撞击位置等撞击参数,并通过比较分析,系统讨论了三种撞击参数对被撞船舷侧结构碰撞性能的影响规律。研究发现,被撞船舷侧结构的损伤程度随着撞击船艏初始动能的增大、撞击角度的增大而增大。碰撞发生在弱肋位处比强肋位处更加危险。
毕业论文关键词:船舶碰撞;舷侧结构;碰撞性能;全耦合分析技术;数值仿真。
Abstract
In the recent years, the shipping industry develops rapidly, the increasingly busy transportation leads to the larger number of ship running in the limited routes。 The busy transportation may lead to the accidents of ships。 Among all those accidents, ship collisions account for 35%。 Ship collisions may lead to the damage of hull structure, property loss, casualties and environmental pollution by chemicals and crude。 So it is important for the safety, economic and environmental protection to study ship collision。 Those studies can also provide evidence for determining speed, developing practices of the running ships。
At present, most researchers build only the broadside model and the bow model when studying the collision of ships。 And then study the process of broadside damage and deformation energy absorption。 However, due to such modeling approach does not consider the ship itself and the coupling with surrounding water and ignoring the impact of the deformation and movement of the water on the ship。 Also, previous studies discussed only one factor on the collision performance and the analysis was limited。
In this paper, mining 159,000DWT tanker cargo as a research object, the full coupling analysis technology based on MSC。Dytran enables the coupling between ship with surrounding water, bow with ship and ship structure itself。 And scored two ships and synchronization damage, realistic simulation of the two ships collided in the collision scene。 Specific contents are as follows: MSC.Dytran全耦合分析技术的船体舷侧结构碰撞性能分析:http://www.youerw.com/jixie/lunwen_88585.html