摘要由于汽车行业的飞速发展,人们对于发动机强度的要求不断提高,因此发动机所 承载的交变的机械载荷和热负荷都明显增大。而活塞作为发动机的关键零部件之一, 所处的工作环境也是极为恶劣。不仅要经受着周期性交变的机械负荷所引起的活塞变 形,活塞销座开裂,第一环岸折断的故障。而且还要承受热负荷所带来的活塞顶表面 的开裂。因次活塞是发动机中故障较多的零部件之一,活塞的设计是否良好,将直接 影响发动机的性能,使用可靠性及耐久性。因此进行活塞强度校核计算的理论研究及 对活塞的温度场、应力场、热机耦合进行有限元分析有着重要意义。83965
本课题的主要研究内容及方法如下:
(1)利用 Pro/E 三维制图软件建立 4L88 型发动机活塞的三维几何模型,为了后续 工作的方便,所建模型的工艺倒角、铸造圆角等可简化;
(2)利用 ANSYS 软件进行该活塞的有限元网格划分,为了减少计算量更好的划分 网格,只采用二分之一活塞模型进行自由网格划分;
(3)基于热分析的理论基础和稳态温度场的经验公式及柴油机示功图确定活塞的 热边界条件,并对活塞的温度场进行分析,基于此,利用 ANSYS 软件对活塞的热应力 和热变形进行有限元分析,得出热变形分布图。
(4)计算活塞在最大爆发压力下的机械应力,在 ANSYS 软件中对活塞进行应力场 的有限元分析,得出形变分布图。
(5)在热分析与应力分析的基础上,采用有限元法对热负荷与机械负荷共同作用 下的热机耦合进行分析,得出形变分布图。
通过对活塞的热负荷、机械载荷以及热机耦合进行有限元分析,得出了一些有价 值的结论,活塞头部主要受到热应力的影响,机械载荷主要作用在销座上,活塞主要 是由于热负荷的作用而导致变形。
毕业论文关键词:活塞;有限元;温度场;应力场;热机耦合
Abstract Because of the rapid development of the automotive industry and the higher and higher improvement of the strength requirements for engine, the alternating mechanical load and thermal load that carried by the engine are increased apparently。 The piston which is one of the key components of engine is in an extremely bad working environment。 It has to suffer periodic alternating mechanical load caused by the deformation of the piston, the piston pin cracking and the first ring shore break。 What’s more, it also has to experience the crack on the surface of the piston crown that caused by heating load。 As a result, piston is one of the components which have more breakdown in the engine。 Weather the design of the piston are in good condition or not will directly affect the engine’s performance, reliability and durability。 So, it has an important meaning of studying the theory of the piston strength check calculation and making finite element analysis of the piston’s temperature field, stress field and thermal-mechanical coupling。
The following are the main research contents and methods of the paper:
(1)Using Pro/E to build three-dimensional model of 4L88 engine piston。 In order to convenient the follow-up work, the model’s process chamfering and cast fillet can be simplified。
(2)Making a use of ANSYS to pide the finite element network of the piston。 It can only use 1/2 piston model to pide the free network to reduce the computational work。
(3)Using ANSYS to make finite element analysis of the piston’s thermal stress and thermal deformation to conclude the thermal deformation distribution which is based on the theory of thermal analysis, the formula of the steady temperature field, the piston’s thermal boundary condition decided by the diesel engine indicator diagram and the analysis of its temperature。 Pro/E+ANSYS的4L88四缸发动机活塞的强度校核计算:http://www.youerw.com/jixie/lunwen_99275.html