前代低氮锻炼对后代小麦产量和氮素吸收利用的影响
时间:2018-07-10 11:10 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：现代作物品种耐肥性较强，减少氮肥施用会导致生长受抑，产量降低，提高现代小麦品种对低氮营养的适应性对于减少氮肥施用、提高氮肥利用率具有重要意义。本研究以耐低氮品种扬麦158和耐肥性品种扬麦16为材料，通过连续不施氮锻炼，得到不同锻炼后代G0（未锻炼）、G1（第一代）和G2（第二代）材料，研究了前代低氮锻炼对后代小麦籽粒产量与氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明，低氮锻炼（G1、G2）显著提高了扬麦16的籽粒产量和氮素利用效率，但对扬麦158无显著影响。低氮锻炼后扬麦16的穗粒数和千粒重显著增加，对穗数无显著影响。进一步分析表明，低氮锻炼显著提高了扬麦16孕穗期叶面积、花后光合速率、花后干物质积累，以及拔节到开花期氮素积累量。同时，扬麦16的孕穗后的硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性增加。因此，低氮锻炼对小麦产量和氮素利用效率的影响因品种而异，低氮锻炼后耐低氮品种通过提高花前氮素同化及花后的光合生产从而提高产量和氮素利用效率。25546 毕业论文关键词：小麦；低氮锻炼；产量；氮素同化；氮素利用； Effect of Parental Low nitrogen Hardening on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Offspring Wheat Plant Abstract: Excessive nitrogen (N) input is one of key problems in current crop production, which result in lower N utilization efficiency (NUE) and severe environment risk. However, N deficiency will result in growth inhabitation and yield loss especially for mordent crop cultivars due to its more N requirement. So improving low N adaptability of mordent wheat will be useful strategy to promote NUE as well as N management. In this study, two wheat cultivars, YM158 (low N tolerant) and YM16 (low N sensitive), were tested under continuous zero N supply conditions to get new generations (G1, G2) in field experiment. Then G0, G1, G2 were selected to study the impact of low N hardening on plant growth, grain yield and NUE. The results showed that low nitrogen hardening significantly increase gain yield and NUE of YM16, but had no highly impact for YM158. Moreover, low nitrogen hardening also increased grain number per spike and grain weight for G1 and G2 of YM16, but had no significant effect on panicle number. The leaf area of per stem at booting stage, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and dry matter accumulation after anthesis, and nitrogen accumulation from jointing to anthesis had been improved dramatically after low nitrogen hardening in YM16. The low nitrogen hardening also improves activities of Nitrate Reductase(NR) activity and Glutamine Synthetase(GS) activity after booting. The results indicate that the impact of low nitrogen hardening on grain yield and NUE vary with wheat cultivars, and low N sensitive cultivar exhibits more hardening effects in grain yield and NUE by improving nitrogen utilization capacity before anthesis and photosynthetic productivity after anthesis. Key words: Wheat; Low nitrogen hardening; Grain yield; Nitrogen utilization efficiency 目录 摘要： 2 关键词： 2 Abstract: 2 Key words: 3 引言 3 1材料与方法 4 1.1试验设计 4 1.2测定项目与分析方法 4 1.2.1产量及产量构成因素 4 1.2.2干物质积累量 4 1.2.3氮含量、氮素积累量及氮效率 4 1.2.4单茎叶面积 4 1.2.5叶绿素含量 5 1.2.6净光合速率 5 1.2.7硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性 5 1.3 数据处理与分析 5 2 结果与分析 5 2.1 前代低氮锻炼对后代小麦产量及产量构成因素的影响 5 (责任编辑：qin) |