基于膏体燃烧试验的测控系统设计
时间:2019-01-12 14:39 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要现在的航空器、航天器的推进动力装置大多数是以化学推进剂为能源的火箭发动机，有固体火箭发动机和液体火箭发动机[1]。但是，这两种发动机有各自的优缺点。固体火箭发动机的推进剂为固体，可长期贮存，因而其结构简单，但是其推力难以调节，并且很难实现多次启动。液体火箭发动机可以实现推力的调节和多次启动，但是其结构异常复杂。为了综合固体火箭发动机和液体火箭发动机的优点，科学家和工程技术人员研制成功了性态介于固体和液体的膏体推进剂。32605 由于膏体推进剂类似牙膏状，不同于固体和液体推进剂，其在火箭发动机中的贮存、燃料的供给方式、燃烧的控制等都要着重考虑。 本文以膏体推进剂火箭发动机试验为出发点，介绍了膏体推进剂火箭发动机中燃料的供给方式及其流量控制、点火控制、燃烧室的温度控制，以及一些必要的安全装置等。本文使用简单的元器件来组建控制系统的电路图，以实现相应的测量与控制功能。本控制系统的重点在于如何控制燃料的定量供给（通过进气阀和排气阀控制燃料的供给速度）；如何实现燃烧室温度的控制，使温度不致过高（通过热电偶测量得到温度，送到温度控制模块进行加工处理，并输出控制信号）；以及安全保险装置的工作原理（燃烧室温度的控制，使用切断阀来防止火焰从燃烧室进入推进剂室）。 关键词 膏体 火箭发动机 燃烧试验 温度 压力 测控系统 控制阀 毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要 Title Measurement and control system design based on paste combustion test Abstract Today’s aircrafts or spacecrafts use mostly chemical propellant as the fuel of their rocket engines,including solid rocket engines and liquid rocket engines.However, the two engines have their own advantages and disadvantages.Solid rocket motor’s propellant is solid,which can be stored for a long time,so its structure is simple, but it is difficult to adjust its thrust and achieve start-ups time after time.Liquid rocket engine’s thrust can be adjusted and started several times, but its structure is very complex.To combining the advantages of the solid rocket engine and the liquid rocket engine, scientists and engineers successfully developed a new-style propellant named paste whose physical state is between solid and liquid. Because of pasty propellant similar to toothpaste, unlike solid and liquid propellant,it should be well designed that how it is stored in the rocket engine, supplied to the combustor and how to control its combustion. This paper,pasty propellant rocket engine experiment is the standpoint, introduces the supply mode and flow control of the pasty propellant in rocket engine, ignition control, temperature control of the combustion chamber, as well as some of the necessary safety devices. In order to achieve the corresponding measurement and control functions,we use some simple electronic components to organize the circuit diagram of the control system.The control system focuses on how to control the dosing of the fuel (the intake and exhaust valves control the fuel supply rate); how to control the temperature of the combustion chamber so that the temperature will not be too high (the temperature is obtained by thermocouple,and then be sended to the temperature control module for processing and a control signal is eventually output for subsequent use); and how the safety device works (by controlling the temperature of the combustion chamber,the use of shut-off valve to prevent the flame from flowing from the combustion chamber into the fuel container in return). (责任编辑：qin) |