摘要：在大型船舶结构的建造中，上层建筑主要采用钢制薄板，为保证焊接质量和效率，选用合理的焊接方法尤为重要。金属粉芯焊丝在船用钢制薄板结构焊接上是可供选择的方法之一，不过在目前，金属粉芯焊丝在船舶结构的焊接上的应用不多。

本文利用弧焊机器人系统作为工具，采用金属粉芯焊丝对钢制薄板进行了平角焊和平对接焊工艺的研究。利用控制变量法改变焊接参数，对比各焊接工艺参数对焊接质量的影响，优化并获得适合的焊接参数。在平对接焊中，单面焊双面成型是一个难题，本文发现焊接电流和工件间隙是影响背面成型的两个重要因素，通过合理的参数匹配可以获得质量优良的焊缝。在实验过程中，由于操作不当或焊接参数不匹配易产生未焊透、弧坑、焊瘤、咬边、烧穿等焊接缺陷，本文通过分析研究焊接缺陷产生的原因，提出了解决方法和措施。

通过本次实验，验证了金属粉芯焊丝用于船用钢制薄板结构焊接的可行性，相较于普通药芯焊丝，金属粉芯焊丝的造渣量小，具有更快的熔敷速度和更高的焊接效率，焊接性能好，电弧柔软、飞溅少、抗气孔性好，大大降低工人的劳动强度，实现了焊接施工高效安全的目的，焊接速度快，比普通药芯焊半自动二氧化碳气体保护焊焊接的效率提高百分之三十左右，一定程度上降低了作业成本，具有很好的应用前景。本次实验数据不仅能用于机器人焊接，对于金属粉芯焊丝半自动二氧化碳气体保护焊也具有一定的指导作用。

关键词：弧焊机器人；平对接焊工艺；平角焊工艺；单面焊双面成型

Abstract：In the construction of large-scale ship structure, the superstructure mainly uses steel sheet, in order to ensure the quality and efficiency of welding, choose a reasonable welding method is particularly important. Metal powder core welding wire in the marine steel sheet welding is one of the options, but at present, the metal powder welding wire in the ship structure  of the  application  of welding  is  not much.

In this paper, the use of arc welding robot system as a tool, the use of metal powder welding wire on the steel sheet was flat welding and peaceful butt welding technology research. The influence of welding parameters on the welding quality is changed by using the control variable method, and the welding parameters are optimized and obtained.  In this paper, it is found that the welding current and the workpiece gap are two important factors influencing the back forming. The welds with good quality can be obtained by reasonable parameter matching. In the course of the experiment, due to improper operation or welding parameter mismatch, it is easy to produce welding defects such as impermeability, crater, welding, undercutting and burning. This paper analyzes the  causes of welding  defects  and puts  forward  the solutions   and measures  The

Through this experiment, it is verified that the feasibility of the welding of metal powder core wire for the construction of marine steel sheet is smaller than that of ordinary flux cored wire and the metal powder core welding wire is small, and it has faster welding speed and more High welding efficiency, good welding performance, arc soft, less splash, good resistance to porosity, greatly reduce the labor intensity of workers, to achieve the purpose of welding and efficient construction safety, welding speed faster than ordinary flux- welding semi-automatic carbon dioxide gas welding The efficiency of welding increased by about 30 percent, to a certain extent reduce the operating costs, has a very good application prospects. The experimental data can not only be used for robot welding, metal powder core wire semi-automatic carbon dioxide gas welding also has a certain guiding  role.