Description: Risk of fall from elevation was driven up when deficiencies in FASs came together

Rules to check

Gaps in safety net Class 3 (spotting)

Exposure of footings to precipitation or freezing Class 3 (exposure)

Smoothness and soundness of footings Class 3c (advanced technical)

Obstructions in fall arrest systems Class 3 (spotting)

Driver: External Pushing Factors (EPFs)

Description: Risk of fall was driven up in probability when some EPF intended to move workers towards edges

Rules to check

Cell network coverage in workplaces (like manholes

and tunnels)

Class 3c (advanced

technical)

Distance between hoists and platforms Class 2 (distance)

Incline of working platforms Class 1 (geometry)

Driver: Site Conditions (SC)

Description: Unsafe or unusual SC drove up the

Clearance of pathways on slabs regarding openings and attachments

Class 3 (pathfinding)

probability of incidents Rules to check

Night working Class 1 (existence)

Hazardous or flammable chemicals Class 1 (existence) Free time slacks and safety checks in the schedule Class 1 (existence) Distance to sanitation and rest areas Class 2 (distance)

Path to sanitation and rest areas Class 3 (pathfinding)

Tasks defined near chemicals Class 3 (vicinity)

Natural light and lighting   conditions Class 3 (light  path)

Supports that a working platform relies on Class 3c (advanced

technical)

Impacts of hoists and heavy equipment on platforms    Class 3c (advanced

technical)

Driver: Fall Protection Systems (FPSs)

Description: Elevated platforms left with no FPS drove up the risk of fall even when acceptable clearance seemed to be provided between the   edges

Rules to check

Opening geometries Class 1 (geometry)

Exposure to cold or hot weather, wind  and

precipitation

Driver: Means of Egress (MoE)

Description: Being locked in workplaces with inappropriate MoE drove up the consequences of accidents

Rules to check

Class 3 (exposure)

Existence of covers, guardrails, or parapets Class 3 (spotting) Existence of warning signs Class 3 (spotting)

Strength and removability of covers and guardrails Class 3c (advanced

technical)

Driver: Impact Severity  (IS)

Description: IS of fall injuries was increased by the elevation of the platform and the conditions of  the

Type of ladders and stairs (permanent or temporary)    Class 1 (type)

ground underneath

Existence of ladders and stairs for levels of 50 cm

height difference

Class 2 (distance)

Rules to check

Slab or platform elevation Class 1 (geometry)

Path of egress and emergency evacuation Class 3

(pathfinding)

workers。 Carelessness of course can always be noted as a main cause, but to be more precise, some conditions typically prevented the employer from providing, or the victim from wearing PPE prop- erly。 Adopting control strategies will be effective only to a limited extent (Holt, 2001) and insisting more on the use of PPE will hardly decrease the fatalities。 Further analysis reveals that a considerable number of fall incidents occurred when workers were trying to change or improve their  lanyard  position,  and  concurrently, one or more other drivers set the accident in    motion。