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Figure 4.3.1. Bonded and unbonded length of test bars and distribution of strain
gauges ..92
Figure 4.3.2. Strain gauges on spines of bars: (a) strain gauge; (b) protective cover ..93
Figure 4.3.3. Test setup for monotonic loading– front view.94
Figure 4.3.4. Test setup for monotonic loading: (a) side view 1; (b) side view 2..94
Figure 4.3.5. Test setup – side view..96
Figure 4.3.6. Test setup for cyclic loading: (a) side view; (b) close view of
connector and guide ..96
Figure 4.3.7. Loading protocol .96
Figure 4.4.1. Test results with type 1 grout: (a) and (b) F5MG1; (c) and (d) F8MG1 99
Figure 4.4.2. Test results with type 2 grout: (a) and (b) F5MG2; (c) and (d) F8MG2 .100
Figure 4.4.3. Test results with type 3 grout: (a) and (b) F5MG3; (c) and (d) F8MG3 .100
Figure 4.4.4. Test bars after testing (a) F8MG1 (type 1 grout); (b) F8MG2 (type 2
grout); (c) F8MG3 (type 3 grout).101
Figure 4.4.5. Test results of bars with bonded length of 4 db: (a) and (b) base
segment specimens; (c) and (d) foundation specimens.103
Figure 4.4.6. Specimens after testing (a) F5M-4db-1; (b) F8M-4db-1 ..104
Figure 4.4.7. Test results of bars with bonded length of 16 db..105
Figure 4.4.8. Specimens after testing (a) F5M-16db; (b) F8M-16db ..105
Figure 4.4.9. Test results of bars with bonded length of 24 db..106
Figure 4.4.10. Specimens after testing (a) F5M-24db; (b) F8M-24db ..107
Figure 4.4.11. Test results of bars with bonded length of 24 db + Leu of 8 db with
duct tape 109
Figure 4.4.12. Specimens after testing (a) F5M-24db-DTU; (b) F8M-24db-DTU.109
Figure 4.4.13. Test results of bars with bonded length of 24 db + Leu of 8 db with
PVC pipes 110
Figure 4.4.14. Bar F8M-24db-PVU after testing.110
Figure 4.4.15 Test results of bars with bonded length of 900 mm for base segment
specimens.111
Figure 4.4.16. Specimens after testing (a) S5M-900; (b) S8M-900..112
Figure 4.4.17. Test results of bars with bonded length of 900 mm for foundation
specimens.112
Figure 4.4.18. Test results of bars with bonded length of 4db for foundation
specimens.114
Figure 4.4.19. Specimens after testing (a) F5C-4db; (b) F8C-4db ..114
Figure 4.4.20. Test results of bars with bonded length of 16db for foundation
specimens.115
Figure 4.4.21. Test results of bars with bonded length of 24db for foundation
specimens.116
Figure 4.4.22. Test results of bars with bonded length of 24db + 8db unbonding for
foundation specimens.117
Figure 4.4.23. Specimens after testing (a) F5C-DTU; (b) F8C-DTU..117
Figure 4.4.24. Test results of bars with bonded length of 900 mm for base segment
specimens.118
Figure 4.5.1. Equivalent strain distribution.120
Figure 4.5.2. Equivalent unbonded length for #16 bars 121
Figure 4.5.3. Equivalent unbonded length for #25 bars 121
Figure 4.5.4. Design of additional unbonded length for column specimens..126
Figure 4.5.5. Joint opening history of critical joint of column specimens with #16
ED bars..126
Figure 4.5.6. Joint opening history of critical joint of column specimens with #25
ED bars..126
Figure 4.5.7. Additional unbonded length of ED bars for column specimens ..127
Figure 5.2.1. Design concepts of proposed segmental column system.132
Figure 5.2.2. Major design details of precast segmental column specimens .138
Figure 5.2.3. (a) Foundation; (b) Base column segment (segment S1).139
Figure 5.2.4. (a) Segment S2; (b) Segment S3 and S4..139
Figure 5.2.5. Cap beam .140
Figure 5.2.6. Installation of base column segment (segment S1).141