台湾绿色B建筑节水措施英文文献和中文翻译
in Taiwan and is a practical and applicable approach。
Keywords: Green Building; Evaluation system; Water conservation; Building equipment
1。 Introduction
The environment was an issue of deep global concern throughout the latter half of the 20th century。 Fresh water shortages and pollution are becoming one of the most critical global problems。 Many organizations and conferences concerning water resource policy and issues have reached the consensus that water shortages may cause war in the 21st century[1],if not a better solution 。Actually, Taiwan is already experiencing significant discord over water supply。 Building new dams is no longer an acceptable solution to the current water shortage problems, because of the consequent environmental problems。 Previous studies have concluded
that water savings are necessary not only for water conservation but also for reducing energy consumption [2,3]。
Taiwan is located in the Asian monsoon area and has an abundant supply of rainwater。 Annual precipitation averages around 2500mm。 However, water shortages have recently been a critical problem during the dry season。 The crucial, central issue is the uneven distribution of torrential rain, steep hillsides, and short rivers。 Furthermore, the heavy demand for domestic water use in municipal areas, and the difficulties in building new reservoirs are also critical factors。 Government departments are endeavoring to spread publicly the concept of water-conservation。 While industry and commerce have made excellent progress in water conservation, progress among the public has been extremely slow。
Due to this global trend, the Architecture and Building Research Institute (ABRI), Ministry of Interior in Taiwan, proposed the “Green Building” concept and built the evaluation system。 In order to save water resources through building equipment design, this system prioritizes water conservation as one of its seven categories。 This paper focuses on the water conservation measures for Green Building in Taiwan and a quantitative procedure for proving water-saving efficiency。 The purpose of this work is not only aimed at saving water resources, but also at reducing the environmental
impact on the earth。
2。 Water conservation index
The water conservation index is the ratio of the actual quantity of water consumed in a building to the average water-consumption in general。 The index is also called, “the water saving rate”。 Evaluations of the water-consumption quantity include the evaluation to the water-saving efficiency within kitchens, bathrooms and all water taps, as well as the recycling of rain and the secondhand intermediate water。
2。1。 Goal of using the water conservation index
Although Taiwan has plenty of rain, due to its large population, the average rainfall for distribution to each inpidual is poor compared to the world average as shown in Fig。 1。Thus, Taiwan is reversely a country short of water。 Yet, the recent improvements in citizens’ standards of living have led to a big increase in the amount of water needed in cities, as shown in Fig。 2, which, accompanied by the difficulty of obtaining new water resources, makes the water shortage problem even worse。 Due to the improper water facilities designs in the past, the low water fee, and the usual practical behavior of people when using water, Taiwanese people have tended to use a large quantity of tap water。 In 1990,the average water-consumption quantity in Taiwan was 350l per person per day, whereas in Germany it is about 145l per person per day, and in Singapore about 150l per person per day。 These statistics reveal the need for Taiwanese people to save water。