(1)Significant wave height (Hs)

The significant wave height (Ns) is the mean height of the highest  1/3‘ of all waves  in a  sea-state。 He  is

and rose of wind-waves)。

4。2Downtime Criteria

approximately equal to H •g [6-8]。 H 3•g is defined as The limiting wave heights for downtime assessment

the wave height exceeded by 13% of the waves in a Were provided by the client based on Russian norms sea-state。 [10] and are given in Table 2。(2)5% probability wave height (H,•。)

H5% is the wave  height  exceeded  by  5% of   the

4。3Methodology

waves in a sea-state。 The   wave   model   results   were   used   to assess

(3)Relationship between He and H,•„ operational  downtime at the berths。 Waves  affecting The relationship between Hs and H,•g。 was obtained the   head   and   beam   of   a   vessel   (Fig。   8) were

from Ref。 [9] as H5% - 1。2 H 。 considered separately。

(a)Inshore time-series at the study site

I22 Preliminary Assessment of Operational Downtime of Sea Ports and Berthing Facilities through

Numerical Modelling

criterion with limits of Hs Hs —— 1。5 m for head seas。

beam seas andThe following four wave conditions were considered in the head and beam sea downtime assessments:

(1)wind-waves only;

(2)swell-waves only;

(3)higher of the wind-waves and swell-waves;

(4)resultant of wind-waves and swell-waves。

The  resultant  wave  height, Hresultoni [(H ind)’ +

A wide range of vessel sizes was considered with 5。  Downtime  Res

摘要海浪威胁到停靠码头的船舶时所带来的停工期，是人们规划与发展海港或码头时所要考虑的重要商业因素。本文描述了在某散货码头进行的业务停工期初步评估。在某离海站点获取了按时间序列排列的风力数据以及海浪信息后，通过德国水利研究所的MIKE21 SW模型开展了数值模拟，将上述数据换算为近海数据，获得了码头的海浪信息，并同时考虑了风浪和涌浪的情况。本文分开讨论了分别影响船头和船体的海浪，且考察了排水量在五千至两万吨的船舶。海浪浪高限值为H 5％。同时，本文还使用有效波高计算了业务停工期，将Hs作为标准，横浪限值为Hs=1米，迎浪限值为Hs=1。5米。本次研究中的方法论和经验可运用于世界各地海港的开发。 论文网

关键词：数值模拟，波浪传播，波浪变形，停工期，港口规划，散货码头

1。 简介

大规模散货码头在海上贸易运输，以及干散货（原油，铁矿石，煤炭，粮食，矾土，铝，磷矿石等）运输中起到了关键作用。以松散状或液态装卸的大宗货物占国际海运业总运输量的最大份额。原油和石油产品由油轮装运，而铁矿石，煤炭，粮食，矾土，铝，磷矿石则组成了主要干散货，又称为重要干散货。这些货物交易量大，并且几乎全是以专门散货船运输，散货船的规模从小型（一万到五万五千吨）到大型专门船（二十万吨以上）不等。

国际海上贸易运输中，散货码头已经是根深蒂固的关键一环。这样的码头或有锚固，或有疏浚系统和防浪堤。最少来说，一个散货码头包括用来装卸船只的码头装置，和保证船舶安全进出运作的海事工程。海浪威胁所导致的业务停工期，暂停了码头船只的装卸货，也是散货码头和港口规划建设要考虑的重要技术及商业因素。