In recent years, technology to construct internal or- gans based on direct cell assembling became hot。 Our team aimed to fabricate hepatic tissue analogs and got some results。 And this technique can also be used in some other fields such as pharmacology testing model and drug delivery system。 For example, our team es- tablished an energy metabolic system model which    is

potential in high-content drug screening field[17]。

5。6Service-oriented manufacturing

The final aim of RPM is to freely manufacture any part that someone desires。 There should be no shackles from the thinking models to finish entity prototypes or parts。 The majority of human should be relieved from how to manufacture and devote themselves in thinking, new ideas, and the pursuit of new knowledge。 From this viewpoint, RMP in future should be a service- oriented technique。

And there may be three types of RPM    equipments:

(1) the developing equipment for small and medium enterprises in rapid product invention; it is desktop-like, easily controlled, of low cost and high reliability; (2) special equipment for specified field such as military industry, aeronautics & astronautics, and important na- tional projects。 This kind of equipment is used  for small batch of  parts  that  need  extreme  properties such as high precision and high mechanical strength, usually made of special alloy, special ceramic, and polymers; (3) general forming equipments in manufac- turing center for high-efficient and high-quality production。

The third type may be the mainstream in the  future。 It will be a high integration of customized production, internet-based production, and manufacturing centers。 The manufacturing center provides services of original equipment manufacture (OEM) and original design manufacture (ODM)。 Because of the high cost of RPM forming equipments, this type of center can greatly cut the fixed cost and be splendidly professional in provid- ing the most proper forming measures。

When the clients have a demand of certain me- dium/small quantity of products, they can freely design the structures and define the materials, and then trans- fer the scheme to manufacturing  center  by network, and finally fetch the products there。 The network can also facilitate the clients in design and communicating essential information face-to-face in time。 For example,

several doctors can diagnose the patient on internet who needs teeth orthopaedics, and communicate to- gether to determine the therapeutic treatment, then de- sign a series of invisible dental bracketless appliances and transfer them to appointed manufacturing center; finally, the formed appliances will be directly or indi- rectly delivered to the patient。

6Conclusions论文网

During two-decade development, the RPM has been recognized as an advanced and flexible manufacturing method。 Many techniques were developed while more techniques are emerging out。 The forming precision and velocity have been continuously improved, the equipment and material cost continue to be reduced, and more available common materials continue to be developed。 Besides the traditional prototype applica- tion in product invention process, it has a tremendous potential use in fields such as rapid moulding, rapid part/metal manufacturing, nano-/micro-RPM, and bio- manufacturing。 It is believed that with the progress of the related technical disciplines, RPM will be more and more likely to transform into the so-called almighty manufacturing technology。快速成型制造技术的原理，典型工艺，应用及发展趋势

摘要：快速成型技术（RPM），诞生于20世纪80年代后期，是基于分散堆积成形的一种高新制造技术。它首先是根据实体模型的一系列分散的部分信息生成数字模型，然后逐层堆积。快速成型技术可以成型一些复杂结构和非均匀材料的零件。传统的快速成型技术主要是用于产品原型的设计阶段，比如立体光刻、三维打印、分层实体制造和熔融沉积成型。随着材料和技术的进步，许多新的快速成型技术出现了，并且已经在许多领域内应用，比如模具制造领域、零件直接制造领域、微型成型领域和生物制造领域。这种高柔性的数字制造方法将成为一种全面的快速成形技术。