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Fire Engineering Design of an Arts Centre
A Brief Illustration of the Design: In recent years, the large-scaled public buildings are increasing. It covers large areas and have many functions, so it’s convenient for people's life. But if there is a fire, the fire cannot be controlled and eliminated at once, it will cause significant casualties and huge property losses. Therefore, reasonable fire design plays an important role in fire safety of the large-scaled public buildings.
This thesis makes an arts center as the research object. According to different functional partition and the integrated use of fire engineering knowledge which have been learnt, as well as technical standards on fire controls, the Fire engineering design was from several aspects, which lay the foundation of fire prevention and fire fighting at the beginning and follow the policy of " put prevention first and combine prevention with elimination".
The arts center of construction land area is 8.79 hectares. The total construction area is 54000 square meters. It is composed by the theatrical part and other parts. It is the second level of high-rise buildings, and the fire resistance rating is also the second level. This design is mainly aimed at the high-rise main building. The main body part has three layers on the floor, and some parts have interlayer. The first floor is 4.8 meters, and the interlayer is 6.0 meters. The second floor and the third floor are both 8.0 meters. The total height of the building is 40 meters.
The main contents of this thesis includes: the purpose and significance of the design, and the specific contents of the design. The specific contents are mainly from two aspects, which are the active fire protection and the passive fire protection. Specific design content includes: construction total plane design, building plane fire prevention design, safety evacuation design, smoke control system design, fire extinguisher configuration design, fire hydrant water supply system design, automatic sprinkler system design, automatic fire alarm system design.
Specific design schemes are as follows:
Construction total plane design for fire prevention involves the fire separation and fire lanes. As the arts center is surrounding by the greening, square and parking lot, and no other buildings or construction equipment, so the fire separation meets the specification requirements. Setting 7.00 meters’ round fire lanes around the building. The distance from the fire lanes to the high-rise building external wall is 8.00 meter.
Building plane fire prevention design mainly involves fire compartment and smoke-control zones. According to the specifications of the fire smoke partition design, there are 10 fire compartments and 23 smoke-control zones. And the fire smoke piders are also ruled.
Safety evacuation design involves the safe evacuation route, evacuation stair and many aspects multiple aspects. The building is equipped with six safe evacuation routes. They are from the room to the public walkway, to the evacuation stair, and finally to the outdoors or other safe places.
Smoke control system design is pided into natural smoke exhaust, mechanical pressure air supply and mechanical smoke extraction. For two stairwells on building roof, adopts the natural smoke extraction method. Set up independent mechanical pressurization smoke evacuation in other smoke-proof staircases, fire elevator’s rooms or share rooms. Escaping corridor not only can use natural smoke exhaust, but also mechanical smoke exhaust facilities. Atrium theater use mechanical smoke evacuation.
In the design of fire extinguisher configuration, according to the fire extinguisher configuration’s danger level, the building is pided into 7 calculation units. So there are 145 fire extinguishers in all.
Fire hydrant water supply system design includes outdoor and interior design. For outdoor fire hydrant system, set 4 fire hydrant hydrants under the floor. For indoor fire hydrant system, use 65 mm caliber‘s fire hydrant and 19 mm caliber‘s hydraulic giant. The glued water hose’s diameter is 65 mm and the length is 25 m. What’s more, design and calculate solid stream, the radius and distance of the hydrant protection, etc.