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关键词: 油罐区；火灾危险性；灭火系统；事故分析；
A Tank Area of Fire Risk Analysis and Fire Fighting Systems Design
Abstract (a brief illustration of the design): with the rapid development of economy, society, the demand for oil is greatly increased, the volume of oil tank area also increase, but as the oil of the inflammable and explosive items, once fire accident happens, will inevitably have a significant impact. Will not only cause harm to people life, property loss and environmental damage. This topic is risk analysis of oil tank area first, and then combined with the results of the analysis on the fire extinguishing system design of oil tank area, is to make the tank area fire prevention measures to provide the reference.
Firstly the design of a tank area is fire risk analysis. Risk analysis is in is at the beginning of design phase, the subjects with risk categories, occurrence conditions, accident consequences of roughly analysis, evaluation of the potential risk as much as possible. The risk analysis is used in the design of accident consequence analysis method. In the process of accident consequence simulation analysis USES a mathematical model, a complex problem or phenomenon usually use mathematical models to describe, is often in a series of hypothesis premise established according to the ideal situation, some model after a small test validation, others may have a great discrepancy with the actual situation, but can be reference for risk identification. Due to equipment operation error caused by leakage or damage, a large number of oil released, because the oil is flammable and explosive substances, will cause major accident such as fire, explosion occurred. Therefore, from the oil tank area for leakage, fire and explosion accident analysis. Comes first from the analysis of leakage, oil leakage after fire would be lit and burning. The oil tank area was lit after combustion mode mainly for the pool fire. It is easy to cause fire explosion accident in oil tank. Explosion is a kind of very sharp material physical and chemical change, also is a great deal of energy in a short period of time quickly release or sharply into mechanical work. It is usually achieved by means of the expansion of the gas. From the perspective of the form of physical exercise, explosion is the material of strenuous exercise a performance. A sharp growth, material movement from one state into another state quickly, and release a large amount of energy in an instant. Analysis results can be seen in the leaking accident of liquid pool area is larger, can affect the whole tank area safety; Due to leakage caused by pool fire accident may affect the surrounding tank; And leakage of vapor cloud explosion accident caused by it will cause the surrounding oil tank explosion accident probability in a row.
Secondly it is the design of fire extinguishing system, in view of the actual situation of a tank area, research area tank fire extinguishing system design specification and some related books, master the fire fighting design main aspects and familiar with related specifications will be applied to. Therefore, this design to specification for design of oil depots, "foam extinguishing system design specification", "code for fire protection design of petroleum and natural gas engineering and so on standard as the basis, with safe and reliable, easy to use, advanced technology, reasonable economy for the principle to design. Clear the library for secondary oil tank area, storage is gasoline, oil tank area for class a fire risk. Chose foam extinguishing system combined with consumption of cooling water, in the form of fire extinguishing agent dosage calculation results is 164.18 m3, fire water consumption of 158.4 L, choose DN200 foam mixture pipeline, choose DN250 cooling water pipe, foam mixture pipeline hydraulic loss is 0.1248 MPa, the hydraulic loss of the cooling water pipe is 0.168 m, foam mixture chooses 200D43×3 type centrifugal pump, fire control water use IS80-50-200b type centrifugal pump, and the pipe network layout, the layout of fire hydrant, fire extinguisher selection and layout design, etc.