摘要: 小学是社会公共服务设施的重要组成部分，作为基础教育不可或缺的一环，是衡量一个地区教育发展水平的重要尺度，它在改善国民素质、提升文明程度等方面起着奠基的作用。如何建设并完善小学教育体系，使其发挥最大的社会效益，是教育部门等决策机构的重要工作内容。随社会发展差距的显现，小学教育发展的不均衡成为当前存在的突出问题，且有进一步加剧的趋势，有关学者及管理层对此进行过研究及探讨，但多是基于教学指标的分析，忽视了空间公平性，为数不多的此类研究也多是宏观层面的定性分析，基于空间数据的定量分析少之又少。本研究在学习总结国内外公共服务设施空间分布评价方法的基础上，以苏州市小学为例，引入地理信息系统的服务区分析，定量评价了小学的空间分布格局，利用欧氏距离分析和叠置分析，为其优化进行了探索。结果表明：苏州市小学的服务区范围覆盖较好，平均时间成本为13.5分钟，45%的学校可在10分钟内到达；其内部差异较大，依次为吴中、姑苏、相城、工业园、虎丘；个别学校的选址存在空间上距离过近的问题。58669

毕业论文关键字：小学；空间格局；服务区分析；地理信息系统

Abstract: Basic education, more commonly known as primary school, is an essential public service. As a key component of indicator, primary school is the widest measure of the level of education. It plays an important role in civilization and courtesy of the people. The important work of government is to build and sustain basic education services and to tune them for maximum performance benefit. Inequality is shaping up to be one of the biggest issues in primary school, could further inflame tensions. Academics and management even discussed the situation, most of them are based on service index, ignored equitable distribution, and many factors are qualitative and subjective. Based on current research, this paper then taken the primary school in Suzhou as the subject of its research, evaluated the spatial pattern of primary school via quantitative method. Some impact factors are shown as evaluating indicator. This paper focuses on Euclidean distance and overlay analysis, explored spatial optimization of the pattern of primary school. It firstly abstracts the public transportation system in real world and determines the corresponding data model. Meanwhile, the network dataset is also established through Catalog and service area was calculated. Finally, the location of primary school is reviewed and analyzed. Research shows that coverage of primary school is good. The average commuter logs is about 13.5 minutes each way, according to the statistics. 45% people could arrive in 10 minutes. There were also large differences among districts and their rankings are: Wuzhong, Gusu, Xiangcheng, Industrial Park and Huqiu. There is some problem with the distance in some parts of school.

Keywords: Primary School; Spatial Pattern; Service Area Analysis; GIS

1绪论 5

1.1选题背景与依据 5

1.2国内外研究现状 5

1.3研究方法与目的 6

2研究方法和数据来源 7

3苏州市小学服务区分析 8

3.1研究区概况 8

3.2数据获取与处理 9

3.3网络数据集构建 9

4苏州小学空间分布格局分析 10

5苏州小学空间分布优化 14

结  论 22