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摘要：本文以柏树枝叶为原料，采用共水蒸馏法进行了精油的提取，考察各种因素对柏树枝叶精油提取率的影响。通过单因素、正交实验、品香三种方法确定影响精油提取率和精油品质的主要因素。研究表明，采用共水蒸馏法提取柏树精油的最佳组合条件为：浸提时间为3 h，加热时间为3 h，加热温度为175 ℃，粒径为100目。提取出柏树精油后，进行甲醛消除实验，用乙酰丙酮分光光度法，在波长415 nm处，测量吸光度。通过对比精油和水对甲醛的消除作用，分析柏树精油对甲醛的消除率。实验表明，柏树精油对甲醛有一定的消除作用，消除率为：36%~73%。采用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对柏树精油进行分析鉴定，确定主要成分为萜类物质，占精油总量的22.3%，其中含量最高是二环代倍半水芹烯，占5.3%，其次就是榄香醇和β-桉油醇， 含量分别为4.86%和 3.15%。24013
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毕业论文关键词：共水蒸馏；柏树；精油提取；甲醛；GC-MS
The research of extraction of essential oil from cypress
Abstract：It was studied on the extraction of essential oil from the Leaves and branches of cypress by water distillation. Effect of various factors on oil extraction were investigated. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, taste sweet to determine the main factors that would influence the extraction yield and quality. According to orthogonal experiment, the best combination parameter of extraction rate for distillation extraction was: soak of 3h,extraction of 3h,the temperature of 175℃,particle size of 100 sieve. Then extracted cypress essence oil was used to start formaldehyde eliminate experiments, with acetylacetone spectrophotometry，which can be measured by spectrophotometry at 415 nm. In comparison with water, eliminate rate of essential oil on formaldehyde could reach 36% ~ 73% . Chemical compounds of essential oil were analyzed by Gas chromatograph(GC) and Gas chromatograph -mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and the main compounds which accounted for 22.3% of the total essential oil was terpenoid. The highest levels of them was (+)-epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene, accounted for 5.3%. Elemol and β-eudesmol were just Less than it and accounted for 4.86% and 3.15% respectively.
Key Words：water distillation; cypress; eliminate plant essence; formaldehyde; GC-MS
目录
1绪论1
1.1选题意义1
1.2柏树精油1
2文献综述2
2.1植物精气的定义2
2.2植物精气的起源2
2.3植物精气的功能2
2.4植物精气的现况3
2.5从柏树中提取植物精气的方法3
2.5.1水蒸气蒸馏法4
2.5.2干馏法4
2.5.3浸提法4
2.5.4压榨法4
2.5.5吸收法5
2.5.6结晶法5
2.5.7 超临界CO2萃取技术5
2.6测定甲醛气体的方法5
2.6.1用甲醛气体测定产物5
2.6.2测定甲醛的几种方法5
3仪器与试剂6
3.1主要仪器6
3.2主要试剂6
3.3试剂配制7
3.4样品的来源7
4 实验内容和分析方法8
4.1提取柏树植物精气8
4.1.1样品的预处理8
4.1.2样品的提取方法8
4.1.3精油提取单因数实验9
4.1.4正交实验9
4.2去除甲醛评定方法的研究9
4.2.1甲醛测试方法的选择9
4.2.2乙酰丙酮分光光度法显示条件的选择10
4.2.3甲醛挥发时间的选择10
4.2.4吸收液体积的确定10
4.2.5硫代硫酸钠溶液标定10
4.2.6甲醛的溶液标定11
4.3品香方法11
4.3.1评香环境要求11
4.3.2评香操作方法11
4.3.3留香时间的判别方法11
4.4精油化学成分分析11
4.4.1GC气相色谱法12
4.4.2GC-MS测定12
5结果与讨论 12
5.1样品预处理的选择12
5.1.1选择柏树不同部位为原料对提取率的影响12
5.1.2不同干燥类型与粒径对提取率的影响13