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摘 要:丁二烯是一种重要的石油化工基础有机原料，工业上主要用萃取精馏法分离丁二烯，常用溶剂是乙腈（ACN）、二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP），其中乙腈作为溶剂分离丁二烯工艺在我国多套装置上应用，但同国外装置相比能耗较高仍是国内生产丁二烯的一个急需解决的问题，所以进一步改进工艺流程，提高过程的用效率，降低生产成本，已成为企业的当务之急。
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本文利用Aspen软件对乙腈法抽提丁二烯进行了全流程模拟，对该流程进行了优化，实现了生产系统的节能。5169
首先，采用静态总压釜测定了乙腈/C4 体系在30℃、50℃和 60℃的等温汽液相平衡数据。选用NRTL方程作为活系数模型，由实验数据回归得到NRTL方程中的相互作用参数，模型计算值与实验值吻合良好，为模拟计算提供了数据支持。 其次，利用Aspen软件对该系统进行模拟。由于该分离系统较复杂，且各个分离单元的分离任务和分离条件差别较大，本文对不同的分离单元分别采用常规和分段方程法，最终模拟结果与原设计数据吻合。根据确认的热力学方程和工艺参数，分析了各塔中主要组分的分布情况，并利用灵敏度分析对全流程中关键操作参数进行讨和优化，确定优化参数。从全流程考虑，存在较大的开发潜力，后续工段中的乙腈回收塔所分离物系物性稳定，有利于增压操作，增压后塔顶蒸汽可以作为其它塔底再沸器热源，同时塔底釜液热量也进行回收；对丁二烯精制单元进塔顺序进行优化调整，对水洗单元进行优化设计，去掉原流程的一个水洗塔，使新工艺流程更加简捷、合理、节能。
关键词：丁二烯；Aspen Plus；汽液平衡；流程模拟；优化
STUDY ON PROCESS OF BUTADIENEEXTRACTIVE UNIT WITH ACETONITRILE METHOD
ABSTRACT : Butadiene is an important and basic organic material in the petrochemical field. The major method for separating butadiene is extractive distillation in industry at present, which the common used solvents are ACN、DMF and NMP and ACN is widely used in many devices of seperating butadiene. But with higher energy consumption compared to foreign installations domestic producing butadiene is still a need to be addressed urgently, so further improvement of process and the energy efficiency of process, decrease the cost of production have become the most urgent task. With the software of Aspen, the whole process of distilling butadiene with ACN is simulated in this article. The energy efficiencyof the whole separation system is increased
major components analysis each column, the plans are simulated well with the established
thermodynamics functions, and the operation parameters are optimized by the sensitivity
through synthesis and optimization. First,the isotherm vapor-liquid equilibrium data for ACN/C4 is measured under 30℃、50℃and 60℃with static equilibrium kettle. The experimental data are calculated by the NRTL equation, theinteractionparameter of NRTL equation are correlated by experimental data. The calculative results show thatcalculated values of model are in agreement with the experimental data, the study provides guidance for step simulating. Further, the C4 hydrocarbons separation system is simulated using the software of Aspen. For each unit, the thermodynamics functionis confirmed. Based on the simulation results and the analysis. The acetonitrile recovery column is considered to increase the operation pressure. The energy integration plan is designed to further increase the energy efficiency of the whole system. In the unit of refined butadiene, saving energy is realized through changing the order of original process according to the difference of the separation effect eachcolumn. In the unit of water scrubber column, investment and operation expense are saved with sparing a water scrubber column. The new process is more simple, reasonable and energy-saving.