双乙烯酮法氯乙酰氯的合成

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摘要：氯乙酰氯在工业生产中有着重要的作用，本文介绍了氯乙酰氯的用途、合成方法及其工业生产过程。氯乙酰氯在农药、医药、染料、植物生长调节剂和食品添加剂上均有重要的作用。乙酸氯化法是早期氯乙酰氯的主要合成方法之一，但是由于污染严重、反应不稳定和产品收率低等缺点，该方法急需进一步地改进。氯乙酸氯化法是工业上生产氯乙酰氯的主要方法，因为有着与乙酸氯化法相似的缺点，所以已是国家产业政策淘汰的工艺。乙酰氯氯化法是在前两种方法之后出现的合成方法，但由于其有生产过程比较长、需要大量的光气和控制技术要求比较高，使得该法在国内的应用十分有限。双乙烯酮法作为目前世界上生产氯乙酰氯最先进生产技术，在合成氯乙酰氯的工业生产中受到极大的关注。双乙烯酮法在合成氯乙酰氯的工业生产中将具有广阔的应用前景。53147

毕业论文关键词：氯乙酰氯，氯乙酸，双乙烯酮

Abstract: Chloroacetyl chloride has an important role in industrial production. Applications,synthesis and industrial procedure of chloroacetyl chloride were introduced and evaluated in the paper.Chloroacetyl chloride can make a diffrence in the field of pesticide,medicine,dye,plant growth regulator and food additives.The synthetic method by acetic acid is one of the early synthetic methods of chloroacetyl chloride.The method need rapid improment because of serious pollution,unstable reaction and low yield.The synthetic method by chloroacetic acid is the main synthetic method of chloroacetyl chloride.The method is eliminated by the policy of national industry because it has similar disadvantage compare with the synthetic method by chloroacetic acid.The synthetiv method by acetyl chloride was invented after the early two synthetic methods of chloroacetyl chloride.The synthetic method by acetyl chloride is not applied in our country widely because the method has many disadvantages such as very long productive process,a large number of phosgene and very high technical requirements.At present,the synthetic method by diketen is the most advanced in all synthetic methods of chloroacetyl chloride. Among the various synthetic methods,the synthetic method by dikettene receives much more attention as its high purity and less pollution.Diketene plays an important role in the synthesis of chloroacetyl chloride.The synthetic method by diketen will have wide application prospect in the industrial production of chloroacetyl chloride.

Keywords: chloroacetyl chloride, chloroacetic acid, diketen

1 前言 3

2 实验部分 7

2.1氯乙酰氯的特性 7

2.2实验原料及试剂 8

2.3实验仪器及设备 9

2.4实验合成方法 9

3 影响乙烯酮氯化的因素 13

3.1反应温度对乙烯酮氯化反应的影响 14

3.2反应时间对乙烯酮氯化反应的影响 14

3.3溶剂配比对乙烯酮氯化反应的影响 14

3.4溶剂对乙烯酮氯化反应的影响 14

结论 14

参考文献 17

致谢 18

1 前言

目前，关于氯乙酰氯的合成方法研究的思路大概是从无氯的或一氯的有机物通过氯化反应来得到氯乙酰氯。所以从合成原料上讲就有好几种，有无氯的乙酸和乙烯酮等，一氯的氯乙酸和乙酰氯等。从无氯或一氯有机物来合成氯乙酰氯，科学研究有时是要考虑生产实际的。脱离了实际情况，即使新型的合成方法研究出来的也不能得到大面积的推广，理论联系实际显得非常重要。