摘要聚氨酯全称为聚氨基甲酸酯,是主链上含有重复氨基甲酸酯基团的大分子化合物的统称。聚氨酯弹性体既具有塑料的硬度又有橡胶的高弹性,微相分离结构使材料具有卓越的性能而被广泛应用于众多领域。但在印刷领域中，不但要求聚氨酯弹性体的硬度较低，还要求有较好的耐溶剂性能。61482

本实验分别通过预聚体法、半预聚体法和一步法制得聚氨酯弹性体，期间加入增塑剂降低其硬度，分别研究其力学性能及耐溶剂性能。又考察填料对其力学性能及耐溶剂性能的影响。结果显示，预聚体法制得的弹性体性能相对较好；加入填料后，力学性能有所增加，但使得耐溶剂性能降低。

毕业论文关键词  聚氨酯弹性体  硬度  力学性能  耐溶剂性

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title    The best polymerization method of the low hardness polyurethane elastomer and the ratio of its raw materials 

Abstract

Polyurethane, polyurethane, in which repeated carbamate groups of macromolecular compounds are contained on the main chain. Polyurethane elastomer has both the hardness of the plastic and also has high elasticity of rubber. The material has excellent performance because of its micro-phase separation structure and it is widely used in many fields. However, in the field of printing, polyurethane elastomer is not only required a low hardness , also be required a good solvent resistance.

Polyurethane elastomer of the experiment is prepared separately by the prepolymer method, the semi-prepolymer method and the one-step method. In this process, the plasticizer was added into the elastomer to reduce its hardness, and then its mechanical properties and its solvent resistance properties were studied. The influence of its mechanical properties and solvent resistance properties are also examined after the addition of the filler. The results indicated that, the elastomer made by the prepolymers method is the best, and that after the addition of fillers, the mechanical properties increased, but the solvent performance reduced.

Keywords  Polyurethane elastomer  Hardness  Mechanical properties  Solvent resistance

1  引言 1

1.1  聚氨酯原料简介 1

1.1.1  异氰酸酯 1

1.1.2  低聚物多元醇 3

1.1.3  扩链剂 4

1.2  聚氨酯弹性体的合成方法 5

1.2.1  预聚体法合成 5

1.2.2  半预聚体法合成 5

1.2.3  一步法合成 6

1.3  聚氨酯下游产业链 6

1.3.1  聚氨酯下游体系 6

1.3.2  聚氨酯制品原料及应用 7

1.4  聚氨酯国内外发展现状 7

2  实验部分 10

2.1  预聚体法制备弹性体 10

2.1.1  实验试剂及仪器 10

2.1.2  试剂配比 11

2.1.3  实验步骤 12

2.2  半预聚体法制备弹性体 13

2.2.1  实验试剂及仪器 13

2.2.2  预聚体的合成