摘要：超级电容器具有使用寿命长、功率密度高、对环境更加友好的优点，是理想的动力 电源。目前，超级电容器还存在许多不足，限制着它的应用。因此，制备性能更加优越的 电极材料成为了这个领域的研究重点。本文采用水热法一步合成了 Ni(OH)2/石墨烯复合材 料，采用 X 射线衍射分析（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对不同工艺条件下复合后的产物的结 构和形貌进行了分析，采用循环伏安曲线和恒流充放电法初步探讨了 Ni(OH)2/石墨烯复合 材料作为超级电容器电极材料在三电极体系中的电化学性能。随着氧化石墨烯含量的变 化，产物的结构差异不大，但其微观形貌有所改变，随着氧化石墨烯比重的增加，其团聚 现象更加明显；随着氧化石墨烯掺入量的变化复合材料的电化学性能也随之变化，其中 NG-25-15 样品表现出最优的电化学性能。在扫描速率为 2mV/s 和 50mV/s 时，样品的比电 容分别是 650F/g 和 443F/g；在电流密度为 0.8A/g 和 7A/g 时，放电比电容分别是 563 F/g 和 301 F/g ，表现出最高的比电容和优异的倍率性能。 66317

毕业论文关键词：超级电容器；水热法；电极材料；石墨烯；镍基氢氧化物 

Study on Electrochemical Performance of Carbon-based and Ni-based Composites

Abstract：Super capacitor has a long life, high power density, the environment more friendly advantages, is the ideal power supply. At present, the super capacitor there are still many deficiencies, limiting its application. Therefore, the preparation of more superior performance of the electrode material has become the focus of this area of research. In this paper, Ni(OH)2/ graphene composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under different conditions. The electrochemical properties of Ni(OH)2/ graphene composites as supercapacitor electrode materials in three - electrode system were investigated by cyclic voltammetry curve and constant current charge - discharge method. With the change of the graphene content, the structure of the product is not very different, but its microstructure changes. With the increase of the graphene graphene, the agglomeration phenomenon is more obvious. With the change of the amount of graphene oxide The electrochemical properties of the composites also changed, and the NG-25-15 samples showed the best electrochemical

performance. At the scanning rates of 2mV/s and 50mV/s, the specific capacitance of the samples is 650F/g and 443F/g, respectively. At the current densities of 0.8A/g and 7A/g, the discharge specific capacitance is 563F/g And 301F/g, showing the highest specific capacitance and excellent magnification performance.       

目 录

1   文献综述 . 1

1.1 引言 . 1

1.2 超级电容器 . 1

1.2.1 超级电容器的定义  1

1.2.2 超级电容器工作原理及分类 . 2

1.3 超级电容器电极材料种类 . 2

1.3.1 碳基电极材料 . 2

1.3.2 金属氧化物  3

1.3.3 导电聚合物  4

1.4 超级电容器的现状 . 4

1.5 碳基镍基材料在超级电容器中的应用现状 .. 5

1.5.1 碳基材料在超级电容器中的应用现状 .. 5

1.5.2 镍基材料在超级电容器中的应用  5

1.6 超级电容器前景展望 .. 6

1.6.1 超级电容器前景展望 . 6

1.6.2 课题的提出及主要研究内容 . 6

2   实验部分 . 7

2.1 试剂与仪器 . 7

2.1.1 试剂  7

2.1.2 仪器  7