摘要聚氨酯既具有塑料的硬度又有橡胶的高弹性,微相分离结构使其具有卓越的 性能而被广泛应用于医疗、建筑等领域。针对传统型聚氨酯预聚体的工业生产环 境难以符合安全操作规范等问题，开展了低游离聚氨酯预聚体的性能研究。本文 通过实验合成了传统型聚氨酯预聚体，并采用多种表征手段比较了传统型与低游 离聚氨酯预聚体的理化性能和安全性能；采用预聚体法制得聚氨酯弹性体，比较 了传统型与低游离聚氨酯弹性体的机械性能。结果表明，低游离聚氨酯的理化性 能、安全性能和机械性能优于传统型聚氨酯产品，具有广阔的应用前景。68552

毕业论文关键词 聚氨酯 低游离预聚体 传统型预聚体 理化性能 机械性能 安全性能

Title The comparison of properties between conventional prepolymer and low free TDI prepolymer

Abstract

Polyurethane elastomer has both the hardness of the plastic and also has high elasticity of rubber. The material has excellent performance because of its micro-phase separation structure and it is widely used in many fields, such as medical instruments, construction and so on. The conventional prepolymer can release much poisonous gas so that it does not

according to the safety specifications. In that case, low free TDI prepolymer has been studied. This paper introduces the comparison of performance between low free TDI prepolymer and conventional prepolymer, as well as their products. By synthesizing conventional polyurethane prepolymers, compared physical and chemical properties, security capability between conventional and low free TDI prepolymer. Compared mechanical properties by manufacturing polyurethane elastomers. The results indicated that, compared with the conventional polyurethane prepolymers, low free TDI prepolymer performed well in terms of many properties. So, it has tremendous application prospect with the low levels of free diisocyanate monomer.

Keywords: polyurethane; low free TDI prepolymer; conventional prepolymer; physical and chemical properties; mechanical properties; security capability.

目录

1 引言 1

1.1 聚氨酯及其原料 1

1.1.1 异氰酸酯 1

1.1.2 低聚物多元醇 2

1.1.3 扩链剂 3

1.2 传统型与低游离聚氨酯预聚体的结构特点 4

1.2.1 传统型聚氨酯预聚体 4

1.2.2 低游离聚氨酯预聚体 4

1.3 聚氨酯国内外发展现状 4

1.4 本课题主要研究内容 6

2 实验部分 7

2.1 实验试剂及仪器 7

2.2 传统型聚氨酯预聚体的合成 9

2.2.1 合成实验装置图 9

2.2.2 合成传统型聚醚类预聚体 L 9

2.2.3 合成传统型聚酯类预聚体 E 10

2.3 聚氨酯弹性体的制备