摘 要：本论文研究了栾树果中的淀粉提取及其性质。采用石油醚、乙醇分别除去栾树果中的油脂和醇溶性物质后，用水作为溶剂在热回流下从栾树果中提取出淀粉，用碘淀粉法对提取物进行定性检测，用扫描电镜、XRD和红外光谱图等方法测定了栾树果淀粉的颗粒形貌，透明度，凝沉性等性质。结果表明：栾树果淀粉颗粒较小且表面较光滑，颗粒呈不规则的形状,栾树果淀粉透明度很低，仅为10.1%，凝沉性很低。栾树果淀粉是直连淀粉，可以应用在食品、饲料、石油钻探、铸造、纺织、造纸等行业。70868

毕业论文关键词：栾树果；淀粉；提取；性质；回流

Abstract:In this papers, the extraction methods and properties of the starch from the seed of Koelreuteria Paniculata were studied. Starch were extracted by using to water from the seed of Koelreuteria Paniculata after removed grease and alcohol soluble substances by using to petroleum ether and ethanol under hot reflux, successively. Qualitative detection of starch was proceed by using to color reaction of iodine starch, and properties of the starch were determinated by using to SEM (scanning electron microscope), XRD and IR method. The results show that starch of seed of Koelreuteria Paniculata is amylose, its content is small and the its surface is smooth, the shape of the particles is irregular, its transparency is low (only 10.1%), coagulation sink low. Starch could be used in food, feed, oil drilling, casting, textile and paper making industries.

Keywords: Seed of Koelreuteria Paniculata , Starch; Extraction; Properties

目 录

1.前言 4

2.实验部 5

2.1药品 5

2.2仪器设备 5

2.3 样品的采集与预处理 5

3实验方法 6

3.1 栾树果中淀粉的提取 6

3.2 栾树果淀粉的性质及基本形态分析 6

3.2.1 栾树果提取淀粉的定性分析 6

3.2.2透明度的测定 7

3.2.3 凝沉性的测定 7

3.2.4 XRD表征 7

4.1 栾树果提取淀粉的定性分析 7

4.2栾树果淀粉颗粒形貌 8

4.3栾树果淀粉糊的透明度 10

4.4沉凝性的测定 10

4.5XRD表征 11

4.6红外光谱 12

结论 13

参考文献 14

致 谢 16

1.前言

栾树（Koelreuteria paniculata）又名灯笼树、大夫树、黑色叶树，属无患子科栾树属，华北地区较为常见。栾树枝、叶的提取物有抗癌、抗病毒、清除自由基和杀菌等功用[1]，其花为优良的蜜源，果实富含不饱和脂肪酸，栾树是具有较高经济价值的多用途树种，其研究与开发利用越来越引起人们的关注[2]。在淮安有很多这样的树木，但仅仅只是作为观赏，所以研究栾树果是否可以被利用势在必行。论文网

栾树果实中含有甾醇、皂甙、黄酮甙、花色甙、鞣质和聚糖醛酸。皂甙中分出了栾树皂甙A和B。干燥种子含水分9.4%，粗蛋白17.5%，卵磷脂磷酸0.045%，淀粉7.0%，灰分9.0%，脂类20.9%。种仁含油38%，皂化后分出甾醇和棕榈酸。叶含没食子酸甲酯，对多种细菌和真菌具有抑制作用[3]。