我国外汇储备的现状及其影响
毕业论文关键词：外汇储备；现状；影响
Abstract Due to opening-up and reform policy and deepening “go global” strategies, international balance of payment and financial projects were made to durative double surplus. By the end of June, 2014, the balance of China foreign exchange reserves had been $3.99 trillion. The amount of foreign exchange reserves were ranking at the first place in the world, which suggests that our economic status is enhancing and the ability of resisiting financial risks is strengthening. It’s been a reassurance for China to maintain the international financial stability. Through learning present situation of our foreign exchange reserves, the thesis comparatively analyzes rationality of foreign exchange reserves and the infuences on China from foreign exchange reserves beyond control. Moreover, considering financial security and developing the significance of foreign exchange reserves better, under the security circumstance of finance, the thesis tries to explore the research on improving the level and management of foreign exchange reserves.Therefore, from both theory and practice, it attempts to explore how a huge sum of foreign exchange reserves influences on macro-economy with systematic summary and feasibility analysis.
Key words： Foreign exchange reserves；Situation；Impact
目 录
摘 要Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
一、我国外汇储备的发展现状1
㈠常年的贸易顺差形成的外汇储备1
㈡外商直接投资形成的外汇储备2
㈢国际借贷形成的外汇储备2
二、巨额外汇储备对我国宏观经济运行的影响3
㈠综合国力逐渐增强的体现3
㈡干预外汇市场的手段3
㈢为人民币国际化迈出坚定的一步3
㈣巨额外汇储备带来的烦恼4
三、对我国外汇储备的管理6
㈠管理政策建议7
㈡实行“走出去”战略8
㈢加大资产配置的多元化9
四、结论10
参考文献11
我国外汇储备的现状及其影响
我国中央银行通过外汇管理局持有的的外汇储备进行管理，从而平衡国际收支、维持人民币币汇率和币值的稳定。受益于改革开放的春风，经济全球化的深化，我国经济在世界民族之林之中实现了快速的崛起。繁荣的制造业导致了进出口国际贸易持续顺差，使得我国经常项目和金融项目双顺差，外汇储备从稀缺跃至鳌头，引发经济领域的专家和学者对外汇储备的讨论和研究。
一、我国外汇储备发展现状
(一)常年的贸易顺差形成的外汇储备
进入二十一世纪以来,我国发达的制造业导致出口量大于进口量，成为外贸活动的新常态。我国素有“世界工厂”之名，我国在充分地发挥了人力资源的优势，产生了无法比拟的生产成本优势，进而将大量我国制造业产品呈现在世界各国人民面前。在出口过程中，出口企业将贷款而来或者自有的资金用于购买原材料和支付员工薪酬以及管理费用等各种花费，外贸商品出口后企业收到进口商的美元汇款，商业银行负责进行结汇，将美元兑换成人民币汇入出口企业的银行账户。商业银行要求货币当局进行再结汇，货币当局通过发行基础货币从而获得外汇储备；而在进口过程中刚好恰恰相反。人民币汇率升值预期加快对外贸易企业对外出口,最终导致贸易顺差的加大，进而制造出源源不断的外汇储备。外汇储备增量与进出口顺差额的关系如图1.1所示。
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