中美贸易摩擦的现状原因及解决途径
关键词 顺差 进出口 中美贸易
Title： the present situation, the causes and solutions for Sino-US trade friction
Abstract
The Chinese economy (which refers to the mainland of China unless otherwise specified) has developed very quickly since China launched its opening-up policy in 1978. The annual average growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) from 2001 to 2006 was about 10.1%, while the total volume of trade grew at an annual rate of roughly 28.1%. It is worth noting,however, that exports grew faster than imports; for instance, the annual growth rate of total exports in 2006 reached 27.2% (see China Statistical Yearbook) and that of total imports reached 20.1%.3 In 2005, China surpassed Japan to become the third largest trading nation (the first two being the United States [hereafter the US] and Germany) not only in terms of
total exports but also in terms of the sum of total exports and imports. It has long been argued that the high growth rate of exports was driving China’s economic growth and employment expansion. At the same time, however, along with the expansion of China’s market share and trade volume, trade friction between China and the US has become more and more acute, making it an issue diffi cult to ignore in the two countries’ economic and trade relations.As shown in the data released by the US Census Bureau, the US-China trade deficit in 2006 reached US$232.5 billion, the largest among all US trade partners.4 For the same year,according to National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS), China’s trade surplus vis-à-vis the US was US$144.3 billion, the difference between US$203.5 billion of China’s exports to the US and US$59.2 billion of China’s imports from the US. Regardless of the differences in the statistics of trade imbalances, China’s growing trade surplus has given rise to a great deal of controversies. Taking into account the two countries’ own statistical discrepancies, their differential statistical criteria for data collection, as well as their exclusion of re-exports via Hong Kong, Fung and Lau (2001; 2003) and Fung, Lau and Xiong (2006) develop a series of new methods for adjusting US-China trade data, including converting both import and export data to exporter’s FOB ( Free on Board) prices, considering the effects of re-exports via
Hong Kong, and deducting the margins and price mark-ups that have been added to those reexport goods. Although these adjustments help to resolve part of the problem of differential statistics for the two countries’ trade imbalances, the adjusted fi gures thus obtained are still an adjustment based on the total value of trade.
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