摘要工业革命以来,人类社会活动造成全球气候变暖的事实已是众所周知。与此同时,城市热岛效应也一同影响着城市气候,气候变化日益极端,人类将面临这一严重的挑战。但是,城市化又是人类发展的必经之路:2030年的世界人口将有60%的人口生活在城市。气候的变化对社会和经济都具有重大影响,几乎社会各个方面都会接触到天气:农业,工业,商业,交通业以及体育产业等。伴随着社会日新月异地发展,经济市场不断壮大,越来越多的社会财富得到了累积,因而由于气候而造成的天灾人祸也接踵而来。因此在我国,社会经济受气候的影响逐渐被社会所关注。本文主要以北京为对象,探讨气候变化的特点和气候变化对北京经济发展的影响,以及应对气候变化带来的一系列问题。10605
关键词:气候变化; 城市经济学; 城市发展
ABSTRACT
Since the Industrial Revolution, the human society has moved creates the global warming fact already is well known.At the same time, the city hot island effect together will also affect the urban climate, the climatic change extreme, the humanity is facing this serious challenge day by day.But, the urbanization also is the development of the human race road which must be taken: 2030 world population will have 60% population life in the city.The climate change all has the significant influence to the society and the economy, social each aspect can contact the weather nearly: Agriculture, industry, trade, transportation industry as well as sports industry and so on.Follows the society to develop innovatingly, the economical market expands unceasingly, the more and more many public wealth obtained the accumulation, thus creates as a result of the climate the nature and man-made disaster also follows on somebody's heels.Therefore in our country, the social economy is paid attention gradually the climate influence by the society.This article mainly take Beijing as the object, the discussion climatic change characteristic and the climatic change to the Beijing economy development influence, as well as should a series of questions which brings to the climatic change.
Key words:Climatic change; Urban economics; Urban development
目 录
摘 要Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
一、气候变化经济学的内涵1
二、北京市气候变化的基本特征2
三、 北京市气候变化趋势的形成原因 4
(一)全球气候变化对城市气候变化的影响4
(二)城市化发展对城市气候变化的影响5
四、北京市气候变化对能源消费重点敏感领域的影响6
(一)气候变化对生活能源消费的影响6
(二)气候变化对电力消费的影响7
五、北京市适应气候变化的战略选择7
(一)能源利用现状存在的问题7
1.能源利用效率偏低7
2.能源消费结构中煤炭等化石能源仍占有较大比重8
3.第二产业能源消费占很大比重9
4.生活能源的利用在结构和效率上面临问题9
(二) 应对气候变化的能源应对策略 9
1.调整产业结构,大力发展节能型现代服务业 9
2.调整能源消费结构,控制化石能源消费10
3.开发能源相关技术,降低重点领域能耗强度11
4.加强监督管制,制订相关配套政策12
5.合理规划城市空间形态,倡导利用清洁节能建材 13
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15