摘要目前，随着社会的加速发展，人类对矿物能源的需求越来越大并且始终供不应求。而太阳能作为一种新能源，并且具有储量无限、使用清洁、经济便利等优点，但同时具备着低密度、间歇性、地理分布不断变化的缺陷，从而使得太阳能利用设备的工作效率不高。通过对有关太阳能设备在自动跟踪方面的研究，则能够有效地提高了太阳能的利用率问题。而本文研究的重点就是对自动跟踪系统的设计。51363

本次设计的双轴式太阳能跟踪器用步进电机作为动力，通过两组减速器来驱动，并采用光电检测与时钟式相结合的这种设计方案进行设计的。该系统就是通过方位角与高度角的跟踪，实时调整装置位置确保太阳能接受板始终与太阳光线垂直，这样就能有效地提高了太阳能的利用率，从而提高了工作效率。

系统的机械执行结构的设计，主要包括减速器、主轴、底座等计算与校核。当地球运动，太阳光线发生偏移时，机构感应使控制器发出信号，分别驱动两个步进电机的运行，通过减速机构，使装置运动。确保太阳能接受板始终与太阳光线垂直，从而达到实时跟踪的效果。

毕业论文关键词 :太阳能；跟踪；双轴式；光电检测；步进电机

 Abstract

At present, with the acceleration of social development, human demand for fossil energy is increasing and is always in short supply. Solar energy as a new energy, and has the advantages of unlimited reserves, the use of clean, economic convenience, but at the same time with the defects of geographical distribution of low density, intermittent, constantly changing, so that the solar energy utilization efficiency of the equipment is not high. Based on the study of solar energy equipment in automatic tracking, can effectively improve the utilization rate of the solar energy problem. And the focus of this study is to design the automatic tracking system.

This design biaxial solar tracker uses stepper motor as power, driven by two groups of reducer, and adopts the design scheme of photoelectric detection and clock combination design. This system is through the azimuth and elevation angle tracking, real-time adjustment device to ensure that the solar receiving panel position always vertical to sunlight, so it can effectively improve the utilization of solar energy, so as to improve work efficiency.

Structure design of mechanical executive system, including speed reducer, shaft, such as the base for calculating and checking. When the motion of the earth, the sun's rays shifts, mechanism of induction to the controller sends signals, which are driven by two stepper motor operation, through the speed reducing mechanism, make the device movement. Ensure that the solar receiving board is always vertical to sunlight, so as to achieve the real-time tracking effect.

Keywords: Solar energy; Tracking; Biaxial; Photoelectric detection; Stepping motor

 目  录

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 课题背景 1

1.1.1 能源现状及发展 1

1.1.2 太阳能的特点 1

1.1.3 我国太阳能资源 2

1.2 课题研究的目的及意义 3

1.3 国内外发展概况 4

1.3.1 太阳能利用的国内外发展现状 4

1.3.2 太阳跟踪系统的国内外研究状况 5

1.4 论文的研究内容 7

1.5 论文结构 7

第二章 太阳能跟踪系统关键技术研究