摘 要:从实验室提供的西北高原土壤中利用稀释倒平板法分离得到 100 株细菌,分离纯 化培养使其具有活性,再通过平板对峙法与实验室提供的水稻纹枯病菌、禾谷镰刀菌、灰 葡萄孢菌、草莓根腐菌、尖孢镰刀菌这 5 种土传病原菌进行拮抗测试,共得到 11 株具有拮抗性能的菌株。结果分析可知在 11 株细菌中有 2 株拮抗水稻纹枯病菌、5 株拮抗禾谷镰 刀菌、3 株拮抗灰葡萄孢菌、1 株拮抗草莓根腐菌、2 株拮抗尖孢镰刀菌。不同病原菌的拮 抗能力有所不同,观察菌株与病原菌的生长状况,拮抗菌株能够抑制病原菌的生长,使病 原菌在生长过程中形成的菌落形状不规则,宏观比较不同菌株与病原菌的拮抗能力大小, 将这些拮抗菌株进行分离纯化,完成初步筛选。92931
Abstract:In the use of dilution reverse plate method,100 strains of bacteria were isolated from soil in the northwest plateau provided by the laboratory。Isolated and purificated of culture to make it active,through the flat confrontation method conduct an antagonistic test with the five pathogenic bacteria in laboratory,including Rizochtoni solani,Fusarium graminearum,Botryis cinerea,Strawberry Root-fomes, Fusarium oxysporumstrains,11 strains with antagonistic activity were obtained 。Resulting the analysis showed that in 11 strains of bacteria,There were 2 antagonistic strains against Rizochtonia solani, 5 against Fusarium graminearum, 3 against Botrytis cinerea, 1 against Strawberry Root-fomes and 2 against Fusarium oxysporum。The antagonistic ability of different pathogens was different, the growth status of the strains and pathogens, antagonistic strains can inhibit the growth of pathogens, pathogens in the growth process of the formation of irregular colony shape, macro comparison of different strains and pathogenic bacteria resistance size, these antagonistic strains were isolated and purified and completed preliminary screening。
Keywords: biologicalcontrol, screening, antagonism, plate confrontation method
目 录
1 引言 4
2 当前土传病害发生情况 4
2。1 多种土传病害的种类及症状特点 5
2。1。1 枯萎病 5
2。1。2 黄痿病 5
2。1。3 根结线虫 6
2。1。4 青枯病 6
2。2 当前土传病害防治的手段和存在缺陷 6
2。3 生物防治的研究进展 7
3 生防微生物的筛选实验 7
3。1 材料与方法 8
3。1。1 供试病原菌和培养基 8
3。1。2 土壤细菌的分离和纯化 8
3。1。3 拮抗菌株的筛选 9
3。2 结果分析 9
3。2。1 病原菌拮抗细菌的筛选 11
3。2。2 拮抗菌株抗性鉴定 12
3。2。3 拮抗菌株的保存 12
4 讨论 12
参 考 文 献 14
致 谢 16
1 引言来自优O尔P论R文T网WWw.YoueRw.com 加QQ7520`18766
土传病害在农业生产中时有发生,病原菌包括真菌、细菌、线虫和病毒,这些存在于 土壤中的菌体,致病性很强,侵害作物的根部或者茎部引起其病害[1]。当前生物防治的出 现有效改善土壤环境,降低土传病害的发生,利用一种生物与另一种生物的相互作用关系, 使土壤的微环境能够提供足够的营养物质,实现提高农产品的质量这一目标,在改变土壤 环境的同时,不能污染其他资源环境,这才是生物防治的目的,也是防治的最理想效果[2]。 2 当前土传病害发生情况