摘要蝌蚪具有相当大的行为可塑性，时常会出现同类相食现象。因为同物种的组织在成分上可能是理想的食物，能大大加快同类相食者生长和发育。影响同类相食的因素有多种,如亲缘、种群密度、运动性能等。本实验以虎纹蛙为例设计多组食物浓度梯度来测试不同食物压力对蝌蚪同类相食的影响。通过实验发现，随着食物压力的增大，虎纹蛙蝌蚪同类相食的程度也加剧。而且在不同的食物压力下，虎纹蛙蝌蚪的历期与体长增长量都有显著的差异。同时在实验过程中还发现，将25℃条件下与30℃条件下进行的各组实验进行比较，虎纹蛙蝌蚪的历期增长量、体长增长量与捕食同类的现象都存在不同程度的差异。结果表明，同类相食与食物压力有着密切联系，可能与环境温度也有一定的关系。48266

Tadpoles have considerable behavioral plasticity. They are often cannibalistic. Tissues of the same species may be an ideal food in composition and can greatly accelerate the growth and development. There are many factors influencing the cannibalism, like genetic relationship, population density, locomotor performance and so on. In order to test the effect of food pressure on the cannibalism of tadpoles, the Chinese tiger frog was chosen to be a model organism to carry out a series of experiments with different concentration gradients of food. We find out that Chinese tiger frog tadpoles increased their cannibalistic behavior under food pressure. In addition, their increase of Gosner stage and body length under different food pressure has significant difference. At the same time, we compared the experimental groups in 25℃ and 30℃ and also find out that the Gosner stage, body length growth and cannibalism of Chinese tiger frog tadpoles have different degrees of difference. The results show that cannibalism is closely related with food pressure. It may also have a certain association with the environmental temperature.

毕业论文关键词：同类相食； 食物压力； 蝌蚪； 虎纹蛙; 温度； 历期

Keyword: cannibalism; food pressure; tadpole; Chinese tiger frog; temperature; Gosner stage

目录 3

引言 4

1 材料与方法 5

1.1 实验材料 5

1.2 材料准备 5

1.2.1 孵化 5

1.2.2 筛选 5

1.2.3 饲养 5

1.3 实验步骤 5

1.3.1 分组 5

1.3.2 实验前测量 5

1.3.3 不同条件下饲养 5

1.3.4 实验数据的获取与处理 6

2 结果与分析 6

2.1 不同食物压力与温度条件下对虎纹蛙蝌蚪的发育历期与体长影响 6

2.1.1 不同处理组的虎纹蛙蝌蚪历期和体长的描述性统计 6

2.1.2 温度和食物量为因子的双因子方差分析 7

2.2 不同食物压力与温度条件下对虎纹蛙蝌蚪捕食同类数量的影响 8

3 讨论 9

3.1 食物压力与温度对虎纹蛙蝌蚪生长与发育的影响 10

3.1.1 食物压力对虎纹蛙蝌蚪生长与发育的影响 10

3.1.2 温度对虎纹蛙蝌蚪生长与发育的影响