摘要1,4-二恶烷，又称二氧六环，能够通过生物链的富集、放大，从而影响到鱼类正常的生理机能，对鱼类的生存、繁衍造成严重的危害，本文以鲤科鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）为研究对象，采用鱼体淋巴细胞离体细胞培养体外诱导的方法，研究1,4-二恶烷对鱼体免疫细胞的毒效应。实验表明，通过电镜观察从形态学上发现1,4-二恶烷毒素诱导的鲫鱼淋巴细胞呈现明显的细胞质浓缩、染色质凝集以及染色质边缘化等典型细胞凋亡特征。研究还发现，低剂量1,4-二恶烷可以提高淋巴细胞内ROS水平,引发细胞凋亡，但是当1,4-二恶烷剂量达到1000 μg/L以上时，鲫鱼淋巴细胞内的ROS反而呈现下降趋势。1,4-二恶烷毒素诱导的鲫鱼淋巴细胞的钙离子含量随着1,4-二恶烷的毒性浓度上升而上升，说明该毒素能导致钙离子持续从细胞中流失，引发细胞凋亡。总之，1,4-二恶烷对鱼体免疫细胞具有很大的破坏性，从而致使鱼体免疫细胞发生凋亡，最终导致鱼类的死亡。50426

Abstract 1, 4-dioxane, also called dioxane, can be biomagnificated through the food chain and affect the normal physiological function of fish. It can also cause serious harm for fish survival and reproduction. In this paper, cyprinidae crucian carp (Carassius auratus) was used as the research object. The toxicity of 1, 4-dioxane on fish immune cells was studied by the in vitro induction method of fish lymphocytes. The morphology observation by electron microscope showed that fish lymphocytes induced by 1, 4-dioxane in vitro changed to be cytoplasm condensed chromatin and typical apoptosis characteristics, such as chromatin marginalized. It is also found that low doses exposure of 1, 4-dioxane can improve the levels of lymphoid cells ROS. The apoptosis can be triggered. However, when 1, 4-dioxane exposure dose reaches to more than 1000μg/L, the ROS levels in the crucian carp lymphocytes present a downward trend. The concentration of calcium ions in the carp lymphocytes increased with the increasing of 1, 4-dioxane exposure levels. It is proved that 1, 4-dioxane can result in the lose of calcium ions from lymphocytes and cause apoptosis. Thus, 1, 4-dioxane is very hazardous to fish immune cells to induce the apoptosis of fish immune cells and eventually lead to the death of fish.

毕业论文关键词：1,4-二恶烷，凋亡， ROS，钙离子；

Key words:  1,4-of dioxane, apoptosis, ROS,Calcium ions ; 

目    录

1  引言 4

1.1  1，4-二恶烷的概述 4

1.2  1,4-二恶烷的污染毒理学特征 4

1.2.1亚慢性毒性 4

1.2.2急性毒性 4

1.2.3 免疫毒性 5

1.2.4 致癌性 5

1.3. 淋巴细胞的作用 5

1.4. 细胞凋亡 5

1.4.1 细胞凋亡的概述 5

1.4.2活性氧与细胞凋亡的关系 6

1.4.3细胞内钙离子与细胞凋亡的关系 6

1.4.4细胞内其他物质与细胞凋亡的关系 7

1.5本文研究目标和研究思路 7

2  材料与方法 7

2.1  实验材料 7

2.1.1  试剂和毒素 7

2.1.2  试验鱼种 7

2.1.3  供试仪器