摘要目的：研究患病的和健康的中国荷斯坦奶牛肠道真菌群落结构组成及其差异性。方法：从健康和生病奶牛肠道中采集样品，提取样品总DNA后对其ITS基因序列进行 PCR扩增，通过Miseq高通量测序和生物信息学分析得到不同健康状态奶牛肠道真菌的种类和数量。结果：在门水平上，健康奶牛样品中真菌优化序列主要被归入子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和接合菌门（Zygomycota）；生病奶牛粪便样品中前两者约占90%，几乎没有接合菌门。在属水平上，共有的优势菌包括假霉样真菌属（Pseudallescheria）、毛孢子菌属（Trichosporon）和念珠菌属（Candida），丝孢菌属 （Scedosporium）是健康奶牛肠道特有的优势菌。健康奶牛肠道真菌群落丰度指数Chao 指数(129～149)和ACE 指数(133～148)分别高于患病奶牛肠道真菌群落的Chao 指数(55～58)和ACE指数(60～78)；Shannon 多样性指数(2.05～2.34)高于患病(0.94～1.05)；Simpson多样性指数小于患病。结论：研究揭示了患病奶牛肠道和健康牛肠道真菌群落结构，表明与健康奶牛肠道真菌群落相比，患病奶牛肠道中真菌群落多样性较低，可为今后动物肠道菌落多样性的比较提供一定理论依据。50726

该论文有图8幅，表3个，参考文献16篇。

毕业论文关键词：高通量测序  中国荷斯坦奶牛  真菌群落结构  肠道

Study on Intestinal fungal community structure of cows

Abstract

Objective：In order to reveal the fungal community structure and differences of  infected cow and healthy cow. Methods：ITS gene sequences were amplified by PCR after extracting total DNA from fecal samples collected from healthy cows and infected cows. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used for the investigation of fungal communities of the cows in different health status. Results：At the phylum level, Ascomycota、Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were found in healthy cow samples while the first two took about 90% of the total fecal samples from infected cows and there was almost no Zygomycota. On genera level, results showed that fungal sequences found from both the samples were mainly composed of Pseudallescheria、Trichosporon and Candida, while Scedosporium was isolated from sample of healthy cow only. The fugal abundance indices(Chao, 129～149; ACE,133～148) and Shannon persity index (2.05～2.34) in the healthy intestinal tract were higher than those of the infected (Chao, 55～58; ACE, 60～78; Shannon, 0.94～1.05). On the contrary, Simpson persity index in the healthy intestinal tract was lower than that of the infected. Conclusion ：The study on intestinal fungal community structure of cows revealed that the intestinal fugal community persity of infected cows was lower than the healthy. Apart from that, we can also provides important information that is useful for further  comparison of animal intestinal flora.

Key Words: High-throughput sequencing  China Holstein  fungal community    intestinal tract 

目录

摘要 IV

Abstract V

目录 VI

图清单 VI

表清单 VII

1 绪论 8

1 材料与方法 9

1.1 材料、试剂及仪器 9

1.2 实验方法 9

2 结果 10

2.1 真菌群落结构多样性 10

2.2 真菌群落组成结构 13

3 讨论