几种物质对细胞膜的通透性
关键词：红细胞膜；细胞膜透性；溶血现象；等渗溶液
Studies on Membrane Permeability of Several Substances
Abstract： Red blood cell suspensions of chicken and rabbit with concentration 10% were placed in all kinds of isotonic solutions, hemolysis was observed and the time of hemolysis was recorded, based on the experimental data, the impacts of different types of solutes on membrane permeability were analyzed from following angle: between rabbit red blood cells and chicken red blood cells, between fat-soluble and water-soluble solute , between strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte, as well as relative molecular mass of each of these solutes. The results showed as follows: rabbit red blood cells was more likely to take place hemolysis than chicken red blood cells, fat-soluble solute was more likely to take place hemolysis than water-soluble solute, the weak electrolyte is more likely to take place hemolysis than the strong electrolyte, there was no absolute positive or negative correlation between hemolysis time of red blood cell and molecular weight of solutes.
Key words：Erythrocytes；Membrane permeability；Hemolysis；Isotonic solution
目 录
摘 要 1
引言 1
1. 材料、器具与方法 2
1.1 材料 2
1.2 器具 2
1.3 方法 2
1.3.1 抗凝剂阿氏液的制备 2
1.3.2 抗凝鸡血及兔血的制备 2
1.3.3 0.75%及0.9%的生理盐水的制备 2
1.3.4 10%的抗凝鸡血及兔血红细胞悬浮液的制备 3
1.3.5 等渗溶液的制备 3
1.3.6 溶血现象的观察 3
2. 结果与分析 4
2.1 溶血现象实验结果 4
2.2 实验结果分析 4
3. 讨论 6
3.1 鸡血红细胞与兔血红细胞的比较 6
3.2 脂溶性物质与水溶性物质对兔血红细胞膜通透性影响的比较 6
3.3 强电解质与弱电解质对兔血红细胞膜通透性影响的比较 6
3.4 溶质分子的分子量大小对兔血红细胞膜通透性影响的比较 7
参考文献 7
致谢 9
几种物质对细胞膜的通透性研究引言
细胞膜位于细胞的最外层这一特殊位置，不仅为细胞提供了稳定的内环境，并且细胞膜与细胞内外物质的运输，信号的转导，以及能量的传递都有密切的联系，这就决定了对细胞膜通透性的认识是对整个细胞乃至生命体认识的基础[1]。细胞的生理活动与细胞膜的通透性息息相关，同时，细胞膜的通透性也能反映细胞所处的生理状态。通过对细胞膜通透性大小的研究，人们能够更好地了解生命体的各种生理状态，从而弄清相关疾病的发病机理，最终生产出更好的药物来治疗疾病[2-3]。另外，通过对细胞膜透性改变的研究，实现了细胞代谢的人工调控。此外，细胞膜通透性的研究对发酵工业来讲也具有十分重要的意义[4]。本实验以兔血和鸡血红细胞膜为材料，研究不同种类物质对细胞膜通透性的影响，以期为细胞生物学相关实验、医学相关理论和发酵工业提供相关依据。
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