【摘要】厨房垃圾是指日常烹厨残留物和抛弃的饭菜等，其中富含高淀粉、纤维素、蛋白质等有机物质，制作生物菌剂的生物分解比普通垃圾处理优势在于可以高效的降解有机肥料。以奉贤环境样品为菌源，从中分离筛选出高效菌株，通过开发能够家用的、高效、快速、无臭的降解厨房垃圾的微生物复合菌剂，是对可持续性的解决上海厨房垃圾问题有着重要的意义。主要研究结果如下：从厨房垃圾和若干环境样品分离筛选获得63种细菌和14株真菌，并运用形态学与分子学对其进行进一步筛选、优化和组合，得到12株相互无拮抗性菌株。61923

【毕业论文关键词】 厨房垃圾；微生物菌剂；处理技术；

Isolation and Screening of degradation of kitchen  waste microflora

Abstract:Refers to the daily garbage kitchen cooking residue and discarded food, etc. which is rich in high-starch, cellulose, protein and other organic substances, biological agents produced biodegradable waste than ordinary advantage can efficiently degrade organic fertilizer. In Fengxian environmental samples for the bacteria source, isolated from selected strains efficiently, through the development of domestic, efficient, fast, no smell of garbage microbial degradation of complex agents, solutions to sustainability problems with garbage Shanghai Significance. The main findings are as follows: screened were isolated from environmental samples and a number of kitchen waste 63 kinds of bacteria and 14 fungi, and the use of its morphology and molecular further screening, optimization and combination, to give 12 mutually antagonistic strains.

KeyWords:Garbage; microbial agents; processing technology;

1 引言 1

1.1 厨房垃圾的现状 1

 1.1.1厨房垃圾的来源 1

 1.1.2厨房垃圾的特点 1

  1.2国外主要城市厨房垃圾管理和回收政策 2

   1.2.1国内外厨房垃圾的处理政策 2

   1.2.2国内外回收管理政策 2

  1.3厨房垃圾处理方法概述 3

1.3.1好氧与厌氧的原理以及培养 4

  （1）好氧生物处理 4

  （2）厌氧生物处理 4

   1.3.2粉碎直排和填埋 5

   1.3.3蚯蚓堆肥法 5

   1.3.4集装箱堆肥法 6

   1.3.5湿热法 6

1.4目前存在问题 7

1.5本课题研究内容及意义 7

2 实验材料与方法 7

2.1 实验仪器 7

2.2 实验方法 8

   2.2.1 分离来源 8

   2.2.2用于分离和筛选有效微生物菌群的培养基 8

   2.2.3用于分离和筛选专一高效降解菌种的培养基 8

   2.2.4用于分离与筛选特殊肥效菌种的培养基 9

  2.3菌种分离方法 9

   2.3.1有效微生物菌群的分离