摘  要

本文选取我国浙教版、人教版、苏教版初中数学教材为研究对象，以初中学段几何内容中的“勾股定理”内容为载体，综合运用表格、Excel等工具，通过定量和定性分析得到以下结论：

1．从教材章节的编写顺序上来看，浙教版将三角形的内容集中于八年级上册，整个知识点连接地很紧密，人教版将大部分三角形内容集中在八年级上册，但单单将勾股定理放置于八年级下册学习，有一些别出心裁，知识点有螺旋上升的特点，符合学生的认知发展过程，苏教版进行了大刀阔斧的改革，尊重历史上知识点产生的前后顺序，是一个完整的数学知识产生的过程。85297

2．从知识点的设置以及呈现方式上来看，浙教版教材在勾股定理的引入上方式较为简单，采用课前语加合作学习的方式引入，人教版教材在勾股定理的引入上则高度的还原了毕达哥拉斯发现勾股定理的情境，教版让学生自主操作，整个过程以思考题为主，让学生自主探索新知。

3．从例题与习题的设置上来看，从数量上，三个版本习题数量接近，人教版、浙教版偏重于课后习题的设置，苏教版在习题设置中更加偏重于课堂思考题的设置。从习题类型上看，三个版本教材都注重联系本节以外知识解答问题，在学习新知识过程中不断回顾、强化旧知识。在习题难度上，人教版与浙教版处于正常难度水平，而苏教版偏难。

最后，本文通过比较得出的结论，对我国教材几何内容的编写以及教师课堂教学提出几点建议：

第一，对于章节的编写顺序建议采用苏教版的模式，遵循知识产生的客观顺序。

第二，对于知识点的设置上可采用毕达哥拉斯发现勾股定理的方法进行引入。

第三，在习题的设置上更多地采用难度中等的题目，让学生掌握解决问题的一般方法。

第四，对于课堂教学方面可加入数学史的内容介绍，并且让学生重点掌握解决问题的基本方法，难题可放置于课后进行练习。

毕业论文关键词：勾股定理；例题习题；课程设置；课堂教学

Abstract

  This paper chooses the textbook of junior middle school mathematics teaching materials in Zhejiang province, and puts forward the contents of "full-scale triangle" in the geometric content of junior middle school section as the carrier, synthesizes the form, Excel and other tools, through quantitative and qualitative Analysis of the following conclusions:

  1。 From the preparation of the textbook chapters, the Zhejiang version of the triangular content will be concentrated in the eighth grade on the book, the entire knowledge of the connection is very close, people teach the majority of the triangular content will be concentrated in the eighth grade, but only the Pythagorean theorem Placed in the eighth grade under the book to learn, there are some ingenuity, knowledge points spiral up the characteristics of the students in line with the cognitive development process, the Soviet version of the book has been drastic reform, respect for the history of knowledge points before and after the order is a complete Of the mathematical knowledge of the process。

  2。 From the point of view of the establishment and presentation of the knowledge point, the introduction of the teaching materials in the Pythagorean theorem is simpler, and the introduction of the pre-class language plus cooperative learning is introduced。 The restoration of the Pythagoras found Pythagorean theorem of the situation, the teaching version of the students to operate independently, the whole process to think the main problem, so that students can explore their own new knowledge。

  3。 From the point of view and the setting of the exercises point of view, from the number of three versions of the exercises close to the number of people to teach version of Zhejiang school version of the emphasis on post-school exercises, the Soviet version of the problem set in the more emphasis on classroom thinking The From the type of work point of view, the three versions of the textbooks are concerned about the link outside the knowledge of this issue, in the process of learning new knowledge constantly review, strengthen the old knowledge。 Difficulty in the exercises, the human education version and Zhejiang education in the normal level of difficulty, while the Soviet version of the book is difficult。