摘要土壤侵蚀会是土壤退化的主要表现形式，它会造成土地生产力下降，造成河道淤积、水环境质量下降，增加洪涝等灾害的可能性，因此一直是生态环境问题中的重点研究对象之一。滇东南岩溶区多山区，坡耕地的面积大、分布广泛，是我国生态最为脆弱、土壤侵蚀、石漠化最严重的地区之一。74066

土壤侵蚀敏感性表征土壤发生侵蚀的可能性大小。土壤侵蚀敏感性评价的目的是评价人类活动对土壤侵蚀的影响程度，标示易发生土壤侵蚀的区域，对采取相应的水土保持措施、制定生产活动准则、保护生态环境有着重要意义。评价土壤侵蚀敏感性十分复杂，涉及众多影响因子。GIS是集数据采集、操作、制图、分析、显示于一体的地理信息数据库，现已广泛运用到各种生态问题的评价中。

影响土壤侵蚀的因子主要包括地形起伏度、降水、土壤质地、植被覆盖等。本文基于GIS平台，滇东南岩溶区1:100万DEM数据以及各类栅格数据，选取地形起伏度、植被覆盖度和土壤质地3个因子，对滇东南岩溶区进行土壤侵蚀敏感性评价。根据《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》，不同地形起伏度、不同土壤类型、不同植被类型对应不同的敏感程度。先分别对3个因子进行单因子评价，再依据不同权重对3个因子进行加权叠加综合评价，得出评价结果并进行对比。由结果可知，单因子评价具有很大局限性。据综合评价结果显示，滇东南岩溶区总体上对土壤侵蚀较为敏感，以轻度敏感和中度敏感为主。

该论文有图7幅，表2个，参考文献20篇。

毕业论文关键词：滇东南  土壤侵蚀敏感性评价  GIS  DEM

Sensitivity Assessment of Soil Erosion in Southeast Yunnan Based on Spatial Data

Abstract Soil erosion will be the main form of soil degradation, which causes decline in land productivity, silts river, pollutes water environment and increases the likelihood of floods and other disasters。 In a result, importance has been attached to researches in soil erosion。 Southeast Yunnan, covering wide-distributed mountains and  slopes of cultivated areas, is one of the most ecologically fragile areas with serious soil erosion and rocky desertification。

Soil Erosion Sensitivity demonstrates the possibility of soil erosion。 Assessing soil erosion sensitivity is to know how sensitive soil is to human activities, to identify the areas sensitive to soil erosion。 That is of great significance to take appropriate measures to conserve water and soil, to develop guidelines on production and to protect the ecology。 Sensitivity assessment of soil erosion involves many factors。 GIS, a data geographic information database, performs functions of image acquisition, operation, mapping, analysis and display。 It is now widely used to evaluate various ecological issues。

Soil erosion factors include relief, precipitation, and soil texture vegetation type and so on。 The evaluation is based on the GIS platform, DEM data and raster data。 Factors are relief, vegetation type and soil texture。 According to "Standards of Soil Erosion Sensitivity", different relieves, different soil types, different vegetation types are pided into 5 sensitivity levels。 First, make assessment based on single factor, and then comprehensive evaluation, based on the three factors and different weights。 In comparison, single factor assessment has great limitations。 The comprehensive evaluation result shows that Southeast Yunnan is moderately sensitive and mid-sensitive to soil erosion。

Key words: Southeast Yunnan  Sensitivity assessment of soil erosion  GIS  DEM

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