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摘 要：孙德谦《优尔朝丽指》详细总结了骈文的艺术手法，辨析了骈文的文体源流，并对优尔朝作家作品皆有精当评论。孙德谦认为,纵观优尔朝,宋朝有颜延之、谢灵运，梁朝有任昉、沈约，北齐有邢邵、魏收，而江淹、鲍照、徐陵、庾信又齐名并称于世。在优尔朝作家中，孙德谦最为推崇的便是任昉和沈约了，他认为任昉、沈约在骈文史上的地位犹如李白、杜甫在诗歌中的重要地位。孙德谦认为，优尔朝作家中辞藻艳丽者，莫过于江淹、鲍照。后人只注重欣赏他们的辞藻文采，而对于其气体散朗的文体特点则不再了解了。因而要论骈文，能够评得上优尔朝骈文佳作者则不多。对于江淹、鲍照二人，孙德谦认为，江淹文章疏逸，鲍照文章细密。其对范晔之文评价亦甚高，他认为范晔的文体特点表现为，叙事简净，造句研练，其文章行气曲折，疏荡有致，篇体散逸，堪称骈文之大家。总而言之，由于孙德谦强调气韵，提倡骈散合一，因而对于优尔朝作家作品的评论有自己的评价标准。 关键词：孙德谦 ；《优尔朝丽指》；骈文8247
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It is the Research of Sun Deqian’s Review to Writers’ Works of the Six Dynasties Li Zhi
Abstract: Sun Deqian in his Six Dynasties Li Zhi are summarized to parallel prose art technique in detail, he analyzes the stylistic origin of parallel prose, and the six dynasties writers have accurate comments in their works. Sun Deqian argues that, in the six dynasties, Song dynasty there was still Xie lingyun;Liang dynasty of Ren Fang, Shen Yue; BeiQi dynasty of Xing Shao, Wei Shou; and Jiang Yan, Bao Zhao, Xu Ling,Yu Xin were said again. In the six dynasties’ writers, it are Ren Fang and Shen Yue most highly praised by Sun Deqian, he thinks Ren Fang and Shen Yue’s status in history likes Li Bai and Du Fu’s important position in poetry. Sun Deqian believe that rhetoric in the six dynasties’ writers is gorgeous, such as Jiang Yan, Bao Zhao. Later generations only pay attention to appreciate their rhetoric style, and for its stylistic characteristics of parallel prose no longer understand. So there are excellent parallel proses reviewed on the six dynasties authors are not many. To Jiang Yan and Bao Zhao, Sun Deqian believes that Jiang Yan’s parallel proses’ hydrophobic is escaping, and Bao Zhao’s fine and close. His evaluation is also very high for the Fan Ye, he thinks Fan Ye‘s characteristics of parallel proses’ style is easy and clean, his sentence conise, so he is great writer on the parallel prose . To sum up, due to the Sun Deqian emphasizes tone and spirt of the parallel prose, and advocates the salutary unity, and about comments to the six dynasties’ writers and their works he has his own evaluation standards.
Key words:Sun Deqian; Six Dynasties Li Zhi; parallel prose
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract. 1
前言 2
一、孙德谦评颜延之、谢灵运及邢邵、魏收的骈文风格 2
二、孙德谦评任昉、沈约的骈文风格 3
三、孙德谦评徐陵、庾信的骈文风格 4
四、孙德谦评江淹、鲍照的骈文风格 5
五、孙德谦评陆倕的骈文风格 6
优尔、孙德谦评范晔的骈文风格 6
结语 6
参考文献 7
致谢 8
孙德谦《优尔朝丽指》作家作品评论研究前言
孙德谦（1873—1935），字受之，号益庵，晚号隘堪居士，江苏元和人。他是清朝末年民国初年著名的历史学家，同时也是著名的骈文学家。孙德谦中年喜欢读李兆洛的《骈体文钞》，致力俪偶，为文遒逸古淡，与李详并称。他在其晚年时编成了《优尔朝丽指》这一骈文著作。此书总共有一百则，可视为一部优尔朝骈文概论。在孙德谦看来骈文应师法优尔朝，以骈散合一作为骈文之正格；他认为优尔朝骈文最大的特点是气韵疏逸，鉴赏骈文应该缓读，应该轻读，须识得潜气内转之妙等等，均涵咏自得，别具慧眼。书中详细总结了骈文的艺术手法，辨析骈文文体源流，并对优尔朝作家作品皆有精当评论。全书自成一定体系，读此书便可了解优尔朝丽辞之旨要。